Optimized Bioactive Glass: the Quest for the Bony Graft

Abstract

Technological advances have provided surgeons with a wide range of biomaterials. Yet improvements are still to be made, especially for large bone defect treatment. Biomaterial scaffolds represent a promising alternative to autologous bone grafts but in spite of the numerous studies carried out on this subject, no biomaterial scaffold is yet completely satisfying. Bioactive glass (BAG) presents many qualifying characteristics but they are brittle and their combination with a plastic polymer appears essential to overcome this drawback. Recent advances have allowed the synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid scaffolds combining the osteogenic properties of BAG and the plastic characteristics of polymers. Such biomaterials can now be obtained at room temperature allowing organic doping of the glass/polymer network for a homogeneous delivery of the doping agent. Despite these new avenues, further studies are required to highlight the biological properties of these materials and particularly their behavior once implanted in vivo. This review focuses on BAG with a particular interest in their combination with polymers to form organic–inorganic hybrids for the design of innovative graft strategies.

The effects of oyster shell/alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate/platelet-rich plasma/bone mesenchymal stem cells bioengineering scaffold on rat critical-sized calvarial defects

“…8b, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the volume of newly formed bone at the implantation sites between the scaffold group and the control group (0.87 ± 0.08 mm 3 VS 0.83 ± 0.02 mm 3 , P = 0.734, Fig. 8b).…”

“…To search for faultless alternatives, transplantation of bone graft substitutes seems to be a promisingly approach. With intensive clinical demand, the search for satisfactory bone graft materials has become a rapidly expanding field [3]. An ideal bone graft material should provide the combination of mechanical strength, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis.…”

A comprehensive review of bioactive glass: synthesis, ion substitution, application, challenges, and future perspectives

“…Their reactive surfaces lead to biological activity induction and strong bond formation with living tissue like bone [2]. They are employed in other areas such as engineering of soft tissue [3][4][5][6][7][8], antibacterial factors [9][10][11][12][13][14], coatings of the dental implant [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], drug delivery [18-20, 23, 24], regeneration of bone [14,25], and grafting of bone [6,8,26,27].…”

Bioactive Pore‐Forming Bone Adhesives Facilitating Cell Ingrowth for Fracture Healing

“…The incorporation of bioactive components is another way to improve the biological performance of bone adhesives. Among these, bioactive glass (BG) mainly composed of silicon and calcium elements has proven their osteoinductive and osteoconductive capabilities . BG is found to induce the generation of a hydroxyapatite (HA) layer chemically bonding to the bone under physiological condition during degradation .…”

“…Among these, bioactive glass (BG) mainly composed of silicon and calcium elements has proven their osteoinductive and osteoconductive capabilities. [25][26][27][28] BG is found to induce the generation of a hydroxyapatite (HA) layer chemically bonding to the bone under physiological condition during degradation. [29] The HA layer analogous to the bone mineral phase can provide an ideal environment for the adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation of osteogenesis-related cells (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts).…”