Optimization techniques for coupling renewable/hybrid energy options with desalination systems for carbon footprint reduction

Klaimi, Rachid; Alnouri, Sabla Y.; Al‐Hindi, Mahmoud; Azizi, Fouad

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2019.09.010

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the U.S., the average LCOE of wind power dropped from 0.070 $/kWh in 2009 to less than 0.020 $/kWh in 2017 [42]. The cost-competitiveness of wind and solar power has motivated increased development of large-scale desalination plants powered by renewable energy, in addition to the already implemented small-scale systems 5 [35]. Brazil's Agua Doce Program consists of brackish water desalination systems powered by PV that aim to provide high quality water to 500,000 people in the semi-arid region of Brazil [37].…”

Section: Desalination Using Renewable Energy Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 30 kW wind turbine coupled with an RO unit, with an SEC of 4.38 kWh/m 3 and water recovery of 30%, can reduce CO 2 emissions by 80,028 tons annually. Similarly, an analysis by the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory of a small PV-RO system (5 m 3 /day driven by 5 kW PV system) in a remote region of Iraq has shown a 8170 kg reduction in CO 2 andother hazardous gases [35]. …”

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confidence: 97%

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Desalination of brackish groundwater to improve water quality and water supply

Ahdab

Lienhard

2021

Global Groundwater

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Section: Desalination Using Renewable Energy Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Desalination of brackish groundwater to improve water quality and water supply

Ahdab

Lienhard

2021

Global Groundwater

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“…This should be applied within a flexible framework for assessing the sustainability of alternative water supply options in Cyprus [84], also considering that Cyprus has a considerable network of reservoirs and that recycling waste water has been developed considerably in recent years [85,86]. We would suggest applying optimization-based technique for the design of cost-effective desalination networks as described recently [87], integrated with renewable energy sources, subject to the overall carbon reduction targets of Cyprus. Indeed, elsewhere in the world, the trend to renewable-powered desalination plants is well under way, for example, the 60,000 m 3 /d PV-RO plant in Al-Khafji, Saudi Arabia, and a wind-powered RO plant in Australia using 48 wind turbines with a maximum output of 80 MW to drive an RO plant of 26 MW [88].…”

Section: Marine Environmental Impact Of Desalination Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of environmental impacts of seawater desalination: Cyprus as a case study

Xevgenos¹,

Marcou

Louca

et al. 2021

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Cyprus relies on seawater desalination for a large part of its drinking water supply, with reverse osmosis providing more than 95% of the total desalination capacity in the country. Nevertheless, the environmental impacts of desalination for the Cypriot environment remain poorly understood. Using a combination of mining existing governmental and corporate survey data and reports, this study explores the scale of desalination in Cyprus, the impacts on the coastal marine environment and its overall carbon footprint. Surveys of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows show strongly reduced density of shoots and leaf surface area, respectively. Analysis of the available data relating to the overall production of desalinated water and energy consumption reveals that 68.7 million m 3 of desalinated water were produced in Cyprus in 2017, resulting in the release of 160 ktons of CO 2 equivalent, representing around 2% of the total carbon emissions in Cyprus. The results are directly applicable for understanding the impacts of brine discharge on seagrass meadows, one of the most common types of Mediterranean seabed ecosystems and useful for providing guidance to decision makers as they are striving to achieve a zero-carbon economy. strategies for achieving greater sustainability in terms of reduced CO 2 emissions and less brine discharge are discussed.

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“…Furthermore, some lower-emission technologies could be applied to the desalination plants like hybrid systems (e.g. solar photovoltaic cells with wind energy, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration for pre-treatment, electrodialysis and reverse osmosis, forward osmosis with nanofiltration) [38,87] or even some future CCU (Carbon Capture and Utilization) technologies to re-use the CO 2 with the brine produced in the plant to produce carbonates after a mineralization process [88][89][90][91][92]. Recently, in this line, Namany et al [93] using a holistic energy, water, and food (EWF) nexus approach in Qatar, found that diversifying the energy and water mix by introducing more than 70% of renewable energy technologies and utilizing reverse osmosis would decrease the environmental impact of this process by 60% from these two sectors.…”

Section: Table 6 Total Emissions and Difference In The Emissions Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a shift to regional and organic diets reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the food system? A case study from Qatar

Vicente-Vicente

Piorr

2021

Carbon Balance Manage

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Background Qatar is one of the countries with the highest carbon (C) footprints per capita in the world with an increasing population and food demand. Furthermore, the international blockade by some countries that is affecting Qatar—which has been traditionally a highly-dependent country on food imports—since 2017 has led the authorities to take the decision of increasing food self-sufficiency. In this study we have assessed the effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of shifting diets from conventional to organic products and from import-based diets to more regionalized diets for the first time in a Gulf country. Results We found that considering the production system, the majority of the emissions come from the animal products, but the differences between conventional and organic diets are very small (738 and 722 kg CO2-eq capita−1 year−1, of total emissions, respectively). Conversely, total emissions from plant-based products consumption might be around one order of magnitude smaller, but the differences in the emissions between the organic and conventional systems were higher than those estimated for animal products, leading to a decrease in 44 kg CO2-eq capita−1 year−1 when changing from 100% conventional to 50% of organic consumption of plant-based products. Regarding the shift to regionalized diets, we found that packaging has a small influence on the total amount of GHG emissions, whereas emissions from transportation would be reduced in around 450 kg CO2 capita−1 year−1 when reducing imports from 100 to 50%. Conclusions However, these results must be read carefully. Due to the extreme adverse pedoclimatic conditions of the country, commercial organic regional livestock would not be possible without emitting very high GHG emissions and just only some traditional livestock species may be farmed in a climate-friendly way. On the other hand, organic and regional low-CO2 emission systems of plant-based products would be possible by implementing innovations in irrigation or other innovations whose GHG emissions must be further studied in the future. Therefore, we conclude that shifting towards more plant-based organic regional consumption by using climate-friendly irrigation is a suitable solution to both increasing self-sufficiency and reducing C footprint. We encourage national authorities to including these outcomes into their environmental and food security policies.

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Optimization techniques for coupling renewable/hybrid energy options with desalination systems for carbon footprint reduction

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Desalination of brackish groundwater to improve water quality and water supply

Desalination of brackish groundwater to improve water quality and water supply

Aspects of environmental impacts of seawater desalination: Cyprus as a case study

Can a shift to regional and organic diets reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the food system? A case study from Qatar

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