Optimization protocol and bioactivity assessment for the microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver seed meal using response surface methodology

Abstract

Response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver seed meal. In addition, the optimal processing conditions for the extraction of E. ulmoides seed meal flavonoids were as follows: a processing time of 30 min, a liquid to solid ratio of 54 to 1 (mL/g), an ethanol concentration of 77%, and a temperature of 69 °C. The total flavonoids extraction percentage was 0.6611%. Moreover, the total flavonoids extracted from E. ulmoides seed meal were good for scavenging diphenyl picryl hydrazinyl. The E. ulmoides seed meal total flavonoids exhibited an obvious dose-dependent inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase in the concentration range of 0.05 to 1.0 mg·mL−1. The IC50 value of the E. ulmoides seed meal flavonoids was slightly lower than the IC50 value of acarbose. According to the results of the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity test, the IC50 value of the E. ulmoides seed meal flavonoids was higher than the IC50 value of allopurinol.

Agronomic evaluation of a Chinese camelina [<em>Camelina sativa</em> (L.) Crantz] cultivar in multiple semi-arid locations of northern China

“…The residue was re-dissolved in 10 mL of 80% ethanol and kept in the dark to determine the total flavonoids. The total flavonoid content in camelina seed, expressed as mg of rutin equivalents, was determined by a colourimetric method as described by Ouyang et al (2021), with the following modifications: 1 mL of sample solution was added to test tubes containing 1 mL of 5% sodium nitrite and 1 mL of 10% aluminum nitrate. The mixture was allowed to stand for 6 min, and then 10 mL of 4% sodium hydroxide was added.…”

Quantitative Analysis and Stability Study on Iridoid Glycosides from Seed Meal of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver

“…However, minimal research on quantitative analysis and stability studies of compounds with anti-inflammatory activities from seed meal of E. ulmoides Oliv. have been reported [14][15][16][17]. There is no doubt that a systematic understanding of the stability of bioactive compounds would contribute to improvements in manufacturing and controlling the quality of CMMs [18][19][20].…”