Optimization on Tensile Properties of Kenaf/Multi-walled CNT Hybrid Composites with Box-Behnken Design

Nor, Ariff Farhan Mohd; Hassan, Mohamad Zaki; Rasid, Zainudin A.; Aziz, Siti Aishah Abdul; Sarip, Shamsul; Daud, Yusoff

doi:10.1007/s10443-021-09879-x

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Due to this, chemical and surface treatment techniques to enhance fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion have increased the fabrication cost of these structures. The adoption of optimization techniques such as the Taguchi and response surface method [ 119 , 120 , 121 ] has great potential and could reduce the cost of experimental setups and the final product itself. In addition, there is also great potential to develop the finite element method software package to compare the mechanical properties of RH composites from experimental works.…”

Section: A Way Forward: Rh Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, because of the rising population, carbon overloading, and environmental distress, human beings have needed to increase awareness and responsibility for the reduction of agricultural waste. The utilization of agricultural waste as a filler material in reinforced polymers is a fascinating discovery. This review paper attempts to study the physical, mechanical, and thermal behavior of rice husk (RH) as a fiber for reinforcing various synthetic polymers, based on recent studies, conducted between 2017 and 2021. It also highlights that advanced modification techniques could further improve the performance of composites by tailoring the physical and chemical substances of the fiber or matrix. The thermal properties, including flame-retardance and thermal behavior, are also discussed. The characteristics of the fiber–matrix interaction between RH and the polymer matrix provide essential insights into the future-ready applications of this agricultural waste fiber. The way forward in researching RH polymer composites is finally reviewed.

show abstract

Section: A Way Forward: Rh Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In nearly all cases, combining a matrix and reinforcing fiber results in composites with higher mechanical properties compared to the single components [ 2 , 3 ]. Optimization of the fabrication parameters are often used to achieve an optimum level of overall composite quality [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. However, under certain circumstances, the properties of single FRP composites might fail to meet the desired level of characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Thermal Properties of Longitudinal Basalt/Woven Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Hybrid Composites

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of basalt/woven glass fiber reinforced polymer (BGRP) hybrid polyester composites. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to explore the chemical aspect, whereas the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) were performed to determine the mechanical and thermal properties. The dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated in terms of the storage modulus, loss modulus, and damping factor. The FTIR results showed that incorporating single and hybrid fibers in the matrix did not change the chemical properties. The DMA findings revealed that the B7.5/G22.5 composite with 7.5 wt% of basalt fiber (B) and 22.5 wt% of glass fiber (G) exhibited the highest elastic and viscous properties, as it exhibited the higher storage modulus (8.04 × 109 MPa) and loss modulus (1.32 × 109 MPa) compared to the other samples. All the reinforced composites had better damping behavior than the neat matrix, but no further enhancement was obtained upon hybridization. The analysis also revealed that the B22.5/G7.5 composite with 22.5 wt% of basalt fiber and 7.5 wt% of glass fiber had the highest Tg at 70.80 °C, and increased by 15 °C compared to the neat matrix. TMA data suggested that the reinforced composites had relatively low dimensional stabilities than the neat matrix, particularly between 50 to 80 °C. Overall, the hybridization of basalt and glass fibers in unsaturated polyester formed composites with higher mechanical and thermal properties than single reinforced composites.

show abstract

“…R 2 and adjusted R 2 values were in good agreement, with an approximately 95% confidence level, implying that the experimental and predicted efficiencies were not much different [46,48]. Additionally, the predicted R 2 values of 0.8293, 0.8237, 0.8999, and 0.9202 for PLA/clay composites loaded with NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH) 2modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH) 2 -modified K98 rice husks, respectively, were in reasonable agreement with adjusted R 2 values (respective differences were less than 0.2) [31,46]. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation (C.V.), which must be lower than 10%, shows precision of the actual and predicted model [25,39].…”

Section: Analysis Of Variance For Model Statistical Significancementioning

confidence: 68%

“…Coefficient of regression values (R 2 ) of 0.9635, 0.9624, 0.9789, and 0.9731 obtained for PLA/clay composites loaded with NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH) 2 -modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH) 2 -modified K98 rice husks, respectively, suggested that the models competently represented the relationship between significant model terms. In fact, this result signalled higher reliability of empirical model data since all the R 2 values were very close to 1 [46,47]. Such high R 2 values describe the models' fit and the accuracy of the estimated constants [46].…”

Section: Analysis Of Variance For Model Statistical Significancementioning

confidence: 80%

“…In fact, this result signalled higher reliability of empirical model data since all the R 2 values were very close to 1 [46,47]. Such high R 2 values describe the models' fit and the accuracy of the estimated constants [46]. The models obtained in NaOH-modified rice husks PLA composites achieved more accuracy, as observed to their higher R 2 values (0.9635 and 0.9789) compared to Mg(OH) 2 -modified rice husks PLA composites (0.9624 and 0.9731).…”

Section: Analysis Of Variance For Model Statistical Significancementioning

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimization of tensile strength of PLA/clay/rice husk composites using Box-Behnken design

Yiga

Lubwama

Pagel

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is extremely important to save costs and time while enhancing accuracy in experimentation. However, no study has utilized response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the effects of independent parameters on properties of PLA/clay/rice husk composites. This study focused on optimization of tensile strength of fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites. RSM using Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine optimum blending parameters of the developed composites. Fiber-reinforced PLA composites were prepared using compression molding. Rice husk fiber and clay filler were used to enhance tensile properties of PLA. Five factors, namely, clay filler loading (1 − 5 wt.%), rice husk fiber loading (10 − 30 wt.%), alkali concentration (0 − 4 wt.%), rice husk variety (K85, K98), and alkali type (NaOH, Mg(OH)2) were varied with 68 individual experiments. Tensile tests were carried out according to ASTM D638 standards. ANOVA results revealed that the quadratic models best fit the tensile strength response, with filler loading and fiber loading factors as the most significant model terms. Interaction effects were more predominant than linear and quadratic effects. The developed models used to determine maximum tensile strengths of PLA/clay/rice husk composites were in close agreement with experimental findings (R2 values of 0.9635, 0.9624, 0.9789, and 0.9731 for NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH)2-modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH)2-modified K98 rice husks respectively). Individual optimal conditions were used to predict maximum tensile strengths in each set of developed composites. The predicted tensile strengths were 32.09 MPa, 33.69 MPa, 32.47 MPa, and 32.75 MPa for PLA/clay composites loaded with NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH)2-modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH)2-modified K98 rice husks, respectively, which were very close to the obtained experimental values of 31.73 MPa, 33.06 MPa, 32.02 MPa, and 31.86 MPa respectively.

show abstract

Optimization on Tensile Properties of Kenaf/Multi-walled CNT Hybrid Composites with Box-Behnken Design

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Thermal Properties of Longitudinal Basalt/Woven Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Hybrid Composites

Optimization of tensile strength of PLA/clay/rice husk composites using Box-Behnken design

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About