Optimization of ultrasound induced emulsification on the formulation of palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-d-glucan polysaccharides

Abstract

Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration have well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes. In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. The optimal formulation variables as predicted by CCD resulted in considerably improving the physical characteristics of ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions by minimizing their droplet size, polydispersity index and viscosity. Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). The studies using palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound confirm higher antioxidant activity as compared to free β-D-glucan.

Development and characterization of promising Cremophor EL-stabilized o/w nanoemulsions containing short-chain alcohols as a cosurfactant

“…High-energy methods utilize mechanical devices to intermingle and disrupt the oil phase, [12][13][14][15][16] while low-energy methods take advantage of the internal chemical energy of the components.…”

Ultrasound-induced Microencapsulation of Simvastatin for Gastro Retention and Controlled Delivery

“…Higher viscosity of the polymer solution owing to the increased polymer concentration decreased the drug on the external surface resulting in higher encapsulation efficiency [5] ( Table 3). The encapsulation efficiency of simvastatin was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of the alginate, extent of its cross linkage with calcium ions and ultrasound time.…”

“…Recently, in novel aspects, advantages of ultrasound technology in terms of intensification and low energy requests for microencapsulation are emphasized [4] . Generation of microspheres using cavitation approach is highly energy efficient and also flexible to control particle size over other conventional mechanical and high-pressure techniques [5] . The impact of process parameters such as the flow rate and liquid properties on the size distribution and effect of other equipment parameters like the operating frequency, power dissipation have also been evaluated over conventional methods [6] .…”

Preparation and characterization of water in sesame oil microemulsion by spontaneous method

“…Long-term stabilization of water in oil emulsions with higher water content and less surfactant is an important goal. Oil in water nanoemulsions have been intensively investigated (Alzorqi, Ketabchi, Sudheer, & Manickam, 2016;Raviadaran, Chandran, Shin, & Manickam, 2018), but there are few studies on water in oil nanoemulsions (Mehrnia et al, 2016;Peng, Liu, Kwan, & Huang, 2010).…”