Optimization of Ultrasonication Process for the Degradation of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid by Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

The optimization of ultrasonication process applied to linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (LABSA) degradation is investigated with response surface methodology in this study. Methylene blue active substance assay is used as a mean to monitor the degradation of LABSA. The effects of independent process variables (initial LABSA concentration, pH, and reaction time) on main material degradation are investigated. Among the independent variables, the greatest effect on LABSA degradation is observed for reaction time. Besides this, the effects of both reaction time and initial LABSA concentration are quite similar. The initial pH value of the solution has a lower effect on degradation performance when compared to other parameters. The predicted maximum detergent degradation was 75% at the optimal conditions of pH 7.8, initial LABSA concentration of 20 mg L−1, and reaction time of 70 min. Specific cost of LABSA degradation by ultrasonic treatment varies from 0.579 to 4.657 Euro g−1 removal LABSA. According to the results of sonication treatment applied to real wastewater, approximately 40% of the LABSA degradation is achieved at three pH values (5.27, 7.50, and 9.59). Because the original pH of the real wastewater is 9.59, it is more feasible to run experiments at this pH value.

Modeling of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid removal from aqueous solution with fixed bed adsorption column: Thomas and Yoon–Nelson methods

“…In addition, as the inlet LABSA concentration and solution flow rates increased, k YN values increased while τ YN decreased. As the inlet solution concentration increases, the diffusion rate between the adsorbent and the pollutant also increases, resulting in a shortening of the column adsorption process 8,36 …”

“…As the inlet solution concentration increases, the diffusion rate between the adsorbent and the pollutant also increases, resulting in a shortening of the column adsorption process. 8,36 The comparison of the theoretical breakthrough curves drawn according to different conditions using the Yoon-Nelson model and the experimental breakthrough curves drawn for the adsorption of detergent are given in Figs 11-13, respectively.…”

“…Surfactants are the most commonly used type of detergent designed for general cleaning 7 . Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid (LABSA), which is in the anionic surfactant group, is the raw material of synthetic detergents that frequently are used in domestic and industrial applications 8 . Synthetic detergents and the surfactants which they contain maintain their chemical integrity during the laundry process, and the dirty water that forms after the rinsing phase enters the wastewater stream 9 .…”

“…7 Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid (LABSA), which is in the anionic surfactant group, is the raw material of synthetic detergents that frequently are used in domestic and industrial applications. 8 Synthetic detergents and the surfactants which they contain maintain their chemical integrity during the laundry process, and the dirty water that forms after the rinsing phase enters the wastewater stream. 9 Surfactants such as LABSA and their degradation products not only cause foam formation on surface waters, but also have a toxic effect on aquatic organisms.…”

Ozonation treatment processes for the remediation of detergent wastewater: A comprehensive review

“…The radical oxidative species (ROS) for different AOPs are shown in Table 2. Different AOPs have been effectively used for the degradation of detergent surfactants or treatment of laundry wastewater such as ozone-based AOP [24][25][26][27][28][29], Fenton process [30][31][32][33][34][35], electrochemical oxidation [36][37][38], photolysis [39][40][41][42][43][44], photocatalysis [45][46][47], ultrasound [48][49][50] or in some cases a combination of these methods with conventional methods [51][52][53][54][55].…”