Peripheral
nerve injury (PNI), causing loss of sensory and motor
function, is a complex and challenging disease in the clinic due to
the restricted regeneration capacity. Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs)
have become a promising substitute for peripheral nerve regeneration,
but their efficacy is often limited. Here, inspired by the physiological
structures of peripheral nerves, we present a conductive topological
scaffold for nerve repair by modifying Morpho butterfly
wing with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets and methacrylated
gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel encapsulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF). Benefiting from the biocompatibility of GelMA hydrogel, the
conductivity of rGO and parallel nanoridge structures of wing scales,
PC12 cells, and neural stem cells grown on the modified wing have
an increased neurite length with guided cellular orientation. In addition,
the NGCs are successfully obtained by manually rolling up the scaffolds
and exhibited great performance in repairing 10 mm sciatic nerve defects
in rats, and we believe that the NGCs can be applied in reparing longer
nerve defects in the future by further optimization. We also demonstrate
the feasibility of electrically conductive NGCs based on the rGO/BDNF/GelMA-integrated Morpho butterfly wing as functional nerve regeneration conduits,
which may have potential value for application in repairing peripheral
nerve injuries.