Optimization of Time Requirement for Rapid Mixing During Coagulation Using a Photometric Dispersion Analyzer

Ramphal, S.; Sibiya, S. Muzi

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.155

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Despite the fact that this data contradicts some results found on literature [44][45][46] showing that flocs generated from charge neutralization mechanism are larger, there are some references in the literature with similar results: in References [39,41,47] there is a tendency of an increase in the flocculation index at lower pH levels. Figures 8 and 9 show the coagulation diagrams for the synthetic water samples that underwent treatment at the pilot Water Treatment Plant.…”

Section: Conventional Jar Test Complemented By Filtration For Raw Watcontrasting

confidence: 66%

Charge Neutralization Mechanism Efficiency in Water with High Color Turbidity Ratio Using Aluminium Sulfate and Flocculation Index

Cruz

Pimentel

Russo

et al. 2020

Water

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Most of the water supplied in Brazil comes from water streams that may have higher values for apparent color than turbidity. Treatability trials were performed for color and turbidity removal to evaluate the advantages of coagulation during the charge neutralization mechanism when compared to sweep flocculation for water with those characteristics. There were three types of trials: conventional Jar Test with raw water, with and without filtration, and in a pilot Water Treatment Plant, direct downward filtration, with synthetic water. Auxiliary equipment such as Continuous Flocculation Monitoring Equipment (CFME) and image analysis were used to evaluate the growth of flocs. In the Jar Tests experiments, similar levels of color (61.49%) and turbidity (61.30%) removal were observed, with a lower dosage of coagulant (46 mg/L) in the charge neutralization mechanism compared to the ones with sweep flocculation (58.22% for color and 54.73% for turbidity removal with 52 mg/L of aluminium sulfate). Similar results were found on pilot plant. At filtration rates of 180 and 300 m3 m−2 day−1, sweep flocculation mechanism had shorter filtration cycle (<5 m3) compared to other mechanisms. Therefore, a change in the operation of Water Treatment plants that use a coagulant dosage associated with sweep flocculation can bring advantages such as the reduction of coagulant consumption and sludge productions, as well as the increase of chlorine disinfection and filtration cycles.

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Section: Conventional Jar Test Complemented By Filtration For Raw Watcontrasting

confidence: 66%

Charge Neutralization Mechanism Efficiency in Water with High Color Turbidity Ratio Using Aluminium Sulfate and Flocculation Index

Cruz

Pimentel

Russo

et al. 2020

Water

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“…, and is almost entirely unaffected by contamination of the tube walls in the flow cell and by drift in electrical components (Xiao et al, 2009). This study is an extension of the one presented at the 12th edition of the International Conference on "Computing and Control for the Water Industry -CCWI 2013" (Ramphal and Sibiya, 2014). Similar to the CCWI 2013 study, this study used a PDA instrument to optimize coagulation conditions and monitor floc size and structure as well as the rate of floc formation using alum as a coagulant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Optimization of coagulation-flocculation parameters using a photometric dispersion analyser

Ramphal¹,

Sibiya²

2014

Preprint

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Abstract. The size and structural characteristics of floc particles are important design and control parameters in water treatment and should be rapidly monitored with a reasonable amount of accuracy. In this study, a photometric dispersion analyser (PDA) coupled to standard jar test experiments was used to optimize coagulation-flocculation parameters while monitoring floc size and structure as well as the rate of floc formation during coagulation using alum. The optimal coagulation conditions were as follows: sample pH 8; alum dosage, 6 mg L−1 as Al3+; G value, 116 s−1; rapid mixing time, 20 s. These conditions resulted in unstable treated water having a calcium carbonate precipitation potential of −15 mg L−1 as CaCO3 and required a slaked lime dosage of 17 mg L−1 to equilibrate CCPP to acceptable levels. PDA data revealed that aggregation rate and steady-state variance are primary parameters as both have significant influence on coagulation-flocculation efficiency. However, the average steady state ratio, although an important parameter, had a lessened impact on coagulation-flocculation efficiency. The results of this study showed that the PDA instrument is an important tool in coagulation kinetic studies and can be employed as an additional tool in the optimization of coagulation conditions.

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“…Coagulation represents a process which is a complex phenomenon, physically as well as chemically. Reactions between particles and coagulant lead to the formation of aggregates and consequently in the sedimentation [6,7]. After the coagulation phase, the very small particles in the suspension meet and form the flocculates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flocculation represents an assembly of physic -chemical phenomena leading to the particle aggregation to form the flocculates. This process is performed faster as the water temperature is higher and how its viscosity is the lower [5,7,8]. This phenomenon is reversible, which means that the flocs can break with a strong agitation to the liquid in order to arrive to the initial colloidal solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies Concerning the Behavior of the Suspended Solids in the Mixing Process

Dascalu

Emilian

Nedeff

et al. 2015

JESR

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A high importance is given to the studies concerning the most reliable mixing process with a minimum of energy consumption, because the mixing process is an often used operation in various industries. The main purpose of this paper is to determine and to identify the behavior of the dispersed phase, in this case, the solid particle, during the mixing process. Through the experiment, the mixing process was recorded using a High-Speed camera, which enables following the behavior of the solid particle. The resulting data were used for different types of charts.

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Optimization of Time Requirement for Rapid Mixing During Coagulation Using a Photometric Dispersion Analyzer

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Charge Neutralization Mechanism Efficiency in Water with High Color Turbidity Ratio Using Aluminium Sulfate and Flocculation Index

Charge Neutralization Mechanism Efficiency in Water with High Color Turbidity Ratio Using Aluminium Sulfate and Flocculation Index

Optimization of coagulation-flocculation parameters using a photometric dispersion analyser

Studies Concerning the Behavior of the Suspended Solids in the Mixing Process

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