Optimization of tilt angle for solar panel: Case study for Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Maximum Solar Power Generation through Optimization of Tilt Solar Angles of Solar Panels by Heuristic Technique

“…While, if the surface under study is tilted with respect to the horizontal, then the total irradiance is the incident diffuse radiation, and the direct normal irradiance projected onto the tilted surface, and the ground reflected irradiance that is incident on the tilted surface. Thus for a surface tilted at a slope angle from the horizontal, the incident total radiation is given by the relation [33]:…”

“…Where, Ig and I d are the monthly mean daily global and diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface, and R b is the ratio of the average daily beam radiation on a tilted surface to that on a horizontal surface.The daily ground reflected radiation can be written as [33]:…”

Solar Radiation–The Estimation of the Optimum Tilt Angles for South-Facing Surfaces in Pristina

“…Pristina -the capital city -(42.65˚ N, 21.15˚ E and 573 m a.s.l.) is situated in the north-east of Kosovo.…”

“…For Middle Eastern countries such as Oman (Kazem et al, 2013) [15], (Jafari and Javaran, 2012) [16], (Jafarkazemi et al, 2012) [17] (Moghadam et al, 2011) [18], Abu Dhabi (Jafarkazemi and Saadabadi, 2013) [19], Saudi Arabia (Riyadh) (UAE; Tamimi and Sowayan, 2012) [20], Saudi Arabia (Madinah) (Benghanem, 2011) [21], Egypt (Elminir et al, 2006) [22], Joran (Alatarawneh et al,2006) [23], Jordan (Shariah et al,2002) [24], Syria (Skeiker, 2009) [25]. For Asian Countries, such as Pakistan (Khahro et al, 2015) [26], Bangkok (Krishna et al, 2015) [27], Indonesia (Handoyo et al, 2013) [28], Hong Kong (Li and Lam, 2007) [29], China (Tang and Wu, 2004) [30], and in Nigeria (Eke, 2011) [31]; finally including Canada, a study that was conducted by Siraki and Pillay, 2012) [32].…”

Study of Solar Tracking Angle for Dish Type Concentrating Collectors

“…The optimum tilt angles for the periods January-March and September-December is the latitude of the location plus 16º while the optimum tilt for the period April-August is the latitude of the location plus 20º [8]. For higher efficiency, the design of collector should be such that the tilt angle can be at least changed on seasonal basis [9]. Reference [12] has given two different angles for summer and winter that, for summer the optimum tilt angle should be 10 to 15 degrees less than the latitude and for winter tilt angles should be 10 to 15 degrees more than the latitude, which can be considered as a gap as some researchers later on found that the yearly average of optimum tilt is equal to the latitude of the site [11].…”