Optimization of the wastewater treatment capacity of a short rotation willow coppice vegetation filter

Amiot, Simon; Jerbi, Ahmed; Lachapelle-T., Xavier; Frédette, Chloé; Labrecque, Michel; Comeau, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.106013

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The organic and nutrient loading rates in this study, i.e., 1.6-7.9 g COD, 0.10-0.53 g TN, and 0.02-0.08 g TP, applied per m 2 per day during the growing season, were in the same range as those reported by Amiot et al [46], who applied 3.4-5.1 g COD, 0.48-0.72 g TN, and 0.05-0.07 g TP per m 2 per day to an SRWC vegetation filter, and reported efficient removal of pollutants from domestic wastewater during the growing season.…”

Section: Wastewatersupporting

confidence: 87%

Short-Rotation Willows as a Wastewater Treatment Plant: Biomass Production and the Fate of Macronutrients and Metals

Istenič

Božič

2021

Forests

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Evapotranspirative willow systems (EWS) are zero-discharge wastewater treatment plants that produce woody biomass and have no discharge to surface or groundwater bodies. The influence of wastewater on the growth of three clones of Salix alba (‘V 093’, ‘V 051’ and ‘V 160’) and the distribution of macronutrients and metals in a pilot EWS receiving primary treated municipal wastewater was studied under a sub-Mediterranean climate. The influent wastewater, shoot number, stem height, and biomass production at coppicing were monitored in two consecutive two-year rotations. Soil properties and the concentrations of macronutrients and metals in soil and woody biomass were analyzed after the first rotation. S. alba clones in EWS produced significantly more woody biomass compared to controls. ‘V 052’ produced the highest biomass yield in both rotations (38–59 t DM ha−1) and had the highest nitrogen and phosphorus uptake (48% and 45%) from wastewater. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake into the harvestable woody biomass was significantly higher in all clones studied compared to other plant-based wastewater treatment plants, indicating the nutrient recovery potential of EWS. The indigenous white willow clone ‘V 160’ had the lowest biomass yield but absorbed more nutrients from wastewater compared to ‘V 093’. Wastewater composition and load were consistent with the nutrient requirements of the willows; however, an increase in salinity was observed after only two years of operation, which could affect EWS efficiency and nutrient recovery in the long term.

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Section: Wastewatersupporting

confidence: 87%

Short-Rotation Willows as a Wastewater Treatment Plant: Biomass Production and the Fate of Macronutrients and Metals

Istenič

Božič

2021

Forests

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“…Cultivar ‘SX67’, a cultivar of the same willow species utilized in this study, has been shown to have a very high-water demand, allowing a high irrigation rate of up to 2961 mm yr −1 with a former agricultural soil, which enables the treatment of up to 30,000 m 3 ha −1 yr −1 of municipal wastewater [ 23 , 32 ]. However, it was shown that high hydraulic loading rates (HLR) were applied to willows at the end of the season, while evapotranspiration was low and growth started reducing, causing deep percolation and nitrogen leaching into the groundwater, indicating that HLR should be modulated according to its willow filtering capability [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Landfill Leachate by Short-Rotation Willow Coppice Plantations in a Large-Scale Experiment in Eastern Canada

Benoist

Parrott

Lachapelle-T.³

et al. 2023

Plants

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The treatment of leachate by vegetative filters composed of short-rotation willow coppice (SRWC) has been shown to be a cost-effective alternative to conventional and costly methods. However, few studies have considered the treatment capability of willow filters at a scale large enough to meet the industrial requirements of private landfill owners in North America. We report here on a field trial (0.5 ha) in which a willow plantation was irrigated with groundwater (D0) or aged leachate at two different loadings (D1 and D2, which was twice that of D1). Additionally, half of the D2-irrigated plots were amended with phosphorus (D2P). The system, which operated for 131 days, was highly efficient, causing the chemical oxygen demand concentration to drop significantly with the total removal of ammonia (seasonal average removal by a concentration of 99–100%). D2P efficacy was higher than that of D2, indicating that P increased the performance of the system. It also increased the willow biomass 2.5-fold compared to water irrigation. Leaf tissue analysis revealed significant differences in the concentrations of total nitrogen, boron, and zinc, according to the treatment applied, suggesting that the absorption capacity of willows was modified with leachate irrigation. These results indicate that the willow plantation can be effective for the treatment of landfill leachate in respect of environmental requirements.

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“…This detected variability in water utilization provides the basis for further breeding, which is essential for overcoming these limitations to enable the wide use of short-rotation systems even under a changing climate. We should mention that higher water usage could be a positive factor in optimizing wastewater treatment efficiency of agroforestry (refer to review by Dimitriou et al, 2009 and study by Amiot et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triploid Hybrid Vigor in Above-Ground Growth and Methane Fermentation Efficiency of Energy Willow

et al. 2022

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Hybrid vigor and polyploidy are genetic events widely utilized to increase the productivity of crops. Given that bioenergy usage needs to be expanded, we investigated triploid hybrid vigor in terms of the biology of biomass-related willow traits and their relevance to the control of biomethane production. To produce triploid hybrid genotypes, we crossed two female diploid Swedish cultivars (Inger, Tordis) with two male autotetraploid willow (Salix viminalis) variants (PP-E7, PP-E15). Field studies at two locations and in two successive years recorded considerable midparent heterosis (MPH%) in early shoot length that ranged between 11.14 and 68.85% and in the growth rate between 34.12 and 97.18%. The three triploid hybrids (THs) developed larger leaves than their parental cultivars, and the MPH% for their CO2 assimilation rate varied between 0.84 and 25.30%. The impact of hybrid vigor on the concentrations of plant hormones in these TH genotypes reflected essentially different hormonal statuses that depended preferentially on maternal parents. Hybrid vigor was evinced by an elevated concentration of jasmonic acid in shoot meristems of all the three THs (MPH:29.73; 67.08; 91.91%). Heterosis in auxin-type hormones, such as indole-3-acetic acid (MPH:207.49%), phenylacetic acid (MPH:223.51%), and salicylic acid (MPH:27.72%) and benzoic acid (MPH:85.75%), was detectable in the shoots of TH21/2 plants. These hormones also accumulated in their maternal Inger plants. Heterosis in cytokinin-type hormones characterized the shoots of TH3/12 and TH17/17 genotypes having Tordis as their maternal parent. Unexpectedly, we detected abscisic acid as a positive factor in the growth of TH17/17 plants with negative MPH percentages in stomatal conductance and a lower CO2 assimilation rate. During anaerobic digestion, wood raw materials from the triploid willow hybrids that provided positive MPH% in biomethane yield (6.38 and 27.87%) showed negative MPH in their acid detergent lignin contents (from –8.01 to –14.36%). Altogether, these insights into controlling factors of above-ground growth parameters of willow genotypes support the utilization of triploid hybrid vigor in willow breeding to expand the cultivation of short rotation energy trees for renewable energy production.

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Optimization of the wastewater treatment capacity of a short rotation willow coppice vegetation filter

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Short-Rotation Willows as a Wastewater Treatment Plant: Biomass Production and the Fate of Macronutrients and Metals

Short-Rotation Willows as a Wastewater Treatment Plant: Biomass Production and the Fate of Macronutrients and Metals

Treatment of Landfill Leachate by Short-Rotation Willow Coppice Plantations in a Large-Scale Experiment in Eastern Canada

Triploid Hybrid Vigor in Above-Ground Growth and Methane Fermentation Efficiency of Energy Willow

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