Optimization of the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Technology of Steroidal Saponins from Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl and Evaluating Its Quality Planted in Different Areas

Abstract

Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl is one of the famous traditional Chinese herbs with satisfactory therapeutic effects on invigorating Qi, nourishing Yin and moistening lungs, in which steroidal saponins are one class of important active substances. The main purpose is to determine the optimal extraction technology of steroidal saponins and evaluate the quality of P. kingianum planted in five different areas. The optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technology was established by using single-factor experiments and the response surface methodology (RSM), and the determination method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for dioscin and diosgenin, two primary types of acid-hydrolyzed steroidal saponins, was constructed with good linear range and precision. The results showed that UAE was an efficient extraction method for steroidal saponins, and the extraction yield was significantly affected by the liquid-solid ratio. The optimal extraction technology was generated following a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 (mL/g), an ethanol concentration of 85% (v/v), an extraction time of 75 min, an extraction temperature of 50 °C and three extractions, of which these parameters were in line with the predicted values calculated by RSM. Considering only dioscin and diosgenin, the quality of P. kingianum planted at five sample plots presented non-significant difference. However, the content of diosgenin in Pingbian Prefecture (PB) was higher than that of the other four areas with a value of 0.46 mg/g. Taken together, the optimal UAE technology for P. kingianum steroidal saponins was determined via RSM. The quality evaluation revealed that there was a non-significant difference among P. kingianum planted in different areas based on the contents of the sum of dioscin and diosgenin. This work has important reference value for the exploitation and utilization of P. kingianum.

Comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of one-year-old and two-year-old Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua

“…Functional annotations were performed on 69,373 unigenes, of which the NR database had the richest number of successful annotations with 33,151, accounting for 47.79% of the overall. The remaining ve databases including GO, KEGG, Pfam, eggNOG, and Swissprot annotated to 12,381,15,693,19,417,31,870, and 26,226 entries, respectively. Of course, 5453 unigenes were co-annotated in all databases (Table 1).…”

“…P. cyrtonema Hua, is a perennial herb, born in a moist and shaded environment, because of its rhizome shape like ginger, it is also known as 'ginger-type Polygonatum' [14]. Different origins, growth ages and harvesting periods are important factors in the quality differences of P. cyrtonema [15]. Among them, with the continuous growth and development of individuals, the accumulation of substances and the content of active ingredients of P. cyrtonema at different growth ages are more different.…”

Saponins of North Atlantic Sea Cucumber: Chemistry, Health Benefits, and Future Prospectives

“…These data are then used to construct a model that predicts the response variable as a function of the independent variables. The model can be used to identify the optimal conditions for saponin extraction [ 95 , 96 ].…”

A Method for Improving Microbial Conversion of Diosgenin and Separation and Identification of the Product

“…The solid fermentation product was dried in an oven at 60 • C. The dried products (4 g) were added to 20 mL petroleum ether in 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted with ultrasonic waves for 30 min [19]. The products were shaken for three hours at 180 rpm.…”