Optimization of the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol by Defining a Reliable Estimate for Corticospinal Excitability

Cuypers, Koen; Thijs, Herbert; Meesen, Raf

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086380

Cited by 69 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the present study, a navigation system was used to ensure the consistency of the stimulated cortical location during TMS procedures. While the present study did not directly compare navigated and non-navigated TMS, the results suggest that navigated TMS reduces the time needed for TMS procedures by as much as 30% compared to non-navigated TMS (Cuypers et al, 2014). …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…The previously recommended optimal number of pulses needed to obtain the most reliable amplitude of single-pulse TMS-induced MEPs is 30 consecutive stimuli (Cuypers et al, 2014). Recently, Goldsworthy et al (Goldsworthy et al, 2016) also reported that, without neuronavigation, 29 trials were necessary to reach a probability of 1 for inclusion of the estimates of MEP amplitude in the 95% CI of all trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All measurements of 30 consecutive TMS pulses were included in the analysis irrespective of whether a proper response was elicited or not. Two different statistical methods were used: internal-consistency analysis and probability of inclusion in the 95% confidence interval (CI) (Cuypers et al, 2014). For each participant, the average parameter was calculated for subsets of consecutive stimuli.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excellent internal consistency was defined as more than 0.990 of Cronbach’s alpha (Kline, 2000). The probability of inclusion in the 95% CI was applied to acquire a reliable estimate of MEPs using single-pulse TMS as applied by Cuypers et al (Cuypers et al, 2014). A 95% CI was calculated using all 30 stimuli for each participant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Optimal number of pulses as outcome measures of neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation

Chang

Fried

Saxena

et al. 2016

Clinical Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Identify the optimal number of pulses necessary to achieve reliable measures of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies. Methods Retrospective data was obtained from 54 healthy volunteers (30 men, mean age 61.7±13.1 years) who as part of prior studies had completed three blocks of 30 consecutive TMS stimuli using neuronavigation. Data from four protocols were assessed: single-pulse TMS for measures of amplitude and latency of MEPs; paired-pulse TMS for short-interval intracortical inhibition (sICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF); and single-pulse TMS to assess the effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Two statistical methods were used: an internal consistency analysis and probability of inclusion in the 95% confidence interval (CI) around the mean MEPs amplitude. Results For single-pulse TMS, the minimum number of pulses needed to achieve reliable amplitude and latency MEPs measures was 21 and 23, respectively. For paired-pulse TMS, the minimum number of pulses needed to achieve reliable sICI and ICF measures was 20 and 25, respectively. Finally, the minimum number of pulses needed to achieve reliable amplitude and latency MEPs measures after iTBS was 22 and 23, respectively. Conclusions This study provides guidelines regarding the minimum number of pulses needed to achieve reliable MEPs measurements in various study protocols using neuronavigated TMS. Significance Results from this study have the potential to increase the reliability and quality of future neuronavigated TMS studies.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Optimal number of pulses as outcome measures of neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation

Chang

Fried

Saxena

et al. 2016

Clinical Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pulses were delivered to the left and right M1 areas corresponding to the hand region in two separate blocks (“left M1” and “right M1” blocks, respectively). The coil was placed tangentially on the scalp, with the handle pointing laterally and caudally (Brasil-Neto et al, 1992; Mills et al, 1992). The coil was positioned in correspondence with the optimal scalp position (OSP), defined as the position at which TMS pulses of slightly suprathreshold intensity consistently produced the largest MEP from the ADM muscle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The left side of motor resonance

Sartori

Begliomini

Panozzo

et al. 2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Motor resonance is defined as the internal activation of an observer's motor system, specifically attuned to the perceived movement. In social contexts, however, different patterns of observed and executed muscular activation are frequently required. This is the case, for instance, of seeing a key offered with a precision grip and received by opening the hand. Novel evidence suggests that compatibility effects in motor resonance can be altered by social response preparation. What is not known is how handedness modulates this effect. The present study aimed at determining how a left- and a right-handed actor grasping an object and then asking for a complementary response influences corticospinal activation in left- and right-handers instructed to observe the scene. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were thus recorded from the dominant hands of left- and right-handers. Interestingly, requests posed by the right-handed actor induced a motor activation in the participants' respective dominant hands, suggesting that left-handers tend to mirror right-handers with their most efficient hand. Whereas requests posed by the left-handed actor activated the anatomically corresponding muscles (i.e., left hand) in all the participants, right-handers included. Motor resonance effects classically reported in the literature were confirmed when observing simple grasping actions performed by the right-handed actor. These findings indicate that handedness influences both congruent motor resonance and complementary motor preparation to observed actions.

show abstract

No reduction in motor‐evoked potential amplitude during the rubber hand illusion

Reader,

Coppi,

Trifonova

et al. 2023

Brain and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionIn the rubber hand illusion (RHI), touches are applied to a fake hand at the same time as touches are applied to a participant's real hand that is hidden in a congruent position. Synchronous (but not asynchronous) tactile stimulation of the two hands may induce the sensation that the fake hand is the participant's own. As such, the illusion is commonly used to examine the sense of body ownership. Some studies indicate that in addition to the subjective experience of limb ownership reported by participants, the RHI can also reduce corticospinal excitability (e.g., as reflected in motor‐evoked potential [MEP] amplitude) and alter parietal‐motor cortical connectivity in passive participants. These findings have been taken to support a link between motor cortical processing and the subjective experience of body ownership.MethodsIn this study, we tried to replicate the reduction in MEP amplitude associated with the RHI and uncover the components of the illusion that might explain these changes. As such, we used single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe the excitability of the corticospinal motor system as participants experienced the RHI.ResultsDespite participants reporting the presence of the illusion and showing shifts in perceived real hand position towards the fake limb supporting its elicitation, we did not observe any associated reduction in MEP amplitude.ConclusionWe conclude that a reduction in MEP amplitude is not a reliable outcome of the RHI and argue that if such effects do occur, they are unlikely to be large or functionally relevant.

show abstract

Optimization of the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol by Defining a Reliable Estimate for Corticospinal Excitability

Cited by 69 publications

References 41 publications

Optimal number of pulses as outcome measures of neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation

Optimal number of pulses as outcome measures of neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation

The left side of motor resonance

No reduction in motor‐evoked potential amplitude during the rubber hand illusion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About