Optimization of the synthesis of lower glycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acid residues obtained via enzymatic ethanolysis of sesame oil

Abstract

The lipases Novozym 435, Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme RM IM were employed in the production of lower acylglycerols (LG), i.e. mono-(MAG) and diacylglycerols (DAG), rich in unsaturated fatty acids from sesame oil in batch reactors. The effect of the molar ratio of ethanol to fatty acids on the reusability of these immobilized lipases was studied in detail. The effects of pretreatment on lipase activity for ethanolysis were investigated. Glycerol had a strong product inhibition effect on the ethanolysis reaction, and a relatively large excess of ethanol was necessary to remove the glycerol adsorbed on these biocatalysts. The enzymatic activity was drastically reduced by addition of water to the reaction medium. The presence of organic solvents (hexane and acetone) did not favor the production of LG. For the Novozym 435-catalyzed reaction, optimum conditions were a molar ratio of ethanol to fatty acid residues of 5 : 1, 15 wt-% lipase and 50 7C. For Lipozyme TL IM, the optimum conditions were a molar ratio of ethanol to fatty acid residues of 5 : 1, 20 wt-% biocatalyst, and 30 7C. Novozym 435 and Lipozyme TL IM produced LG with molar ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids of 20.4 in 1 h and 25.3 in 5 h, respectively. In the original oil, this ratio was 5. For trials conducted under optimum conditions, the products from the Novozym 435 trials contained 21.8 wt-% triacylglycerols (TAG), 24 wt-% DAG and 54.2 wt-% MAG. The products of the Lipozyme TL IM trials consisted of 12.9 wt-% DAG and 87.1 wt-% MAG. No TAG species were detected.

Lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of fish oil to obtain diacylglycerols

“…These authors obtained 43% of DAG and according to their statistical analysis the highest significant effect corresponded to temperature. Similar results were reported for olive oil, employing a substrates molar ratio of 0.5:1.5 (glycerol:oil), 10% of enzyme, 55 °C and 600 rpm (Criado and Otero, 2010). Torres et al (2002) described that the glycerolysis of an oil rich in EPA by lipase-B from Candida antarctica in a solvent-free system produced 45% of DAG at 60 °C for a substrates molar ratio of 1.5:1 (fatty acid:glycerol) after 10 h. Compared to our results, we achieved 59.73% of DAG after 2.5 h. Wang et al (2011), attained 51.62% of DAG at 50-60 °C from soybean.…”

Enzyme Biocatalysis for Sustainability Applications in Reactors: A Systematic Review

“…Based on the results, the biocatalyst can be reused for five consecutive reaction cycles with nearly 100% of its initial activity. 27 In a separate study, the alcoholysis of cod liver oil catalyzed by Novozym 435 was conducted in a large scale that shows excellent yield of 93%, where its product yield shows comparable results to the smaller batch experiments and enzyme stability of 11 uses. 50 Poor yield was reported by Deraw et al in the glycerolysis of coconut oil in a batch reactor with external agitation where the product formed was only 3.3% MAG, 3.6% DAG, and 93.1% TAG.…”

“…22 In addition, the production of three different medium-chain fatty acid-rich mustard oils was also investigated by Sengupta et Several works have integrated the use of Novozym 435 in order to produce glycerides (MAG and DAG) at an optimal temperature of 50 °C using a batch reactor with external agitation. 27,32,51 In the study of the stability of Novozym 435, the alcoholysis reaction was conducted with a recycled catalyst and fresh catalyst in subsequent cycles. Chloroform was used to remove the reactants from the biocatalyst.…”

“…Factors such as temperature and agitation of the reactor affect the amount of time taken for reaction. The residence time in biocatalysis ranges from 1 to 8 h. ,,,− …”

Identification of Different Varieties of Sesame Oil Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and Chemometrics Algorithms

“…It includes 43% oleic and linoleic each, 9% palmitic and 4% stearic fatty acids [2] . Eating sesame oil can control blood cholesterol level [3] , prevent atherosclerosis [4] and reduce the risks of heart attack, arteriosclerosis and cancer [5] . The variety is one of the most important factors that strongly associated with the quality features of sesame oil.…”