Optimization of the production of poly-γ-glutamic acid by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C1 in solid-state fermentation using dairy manure compost and monosodium glutamate production residues as basic substrates

Maize yield and soil fertility with combined use of compost and inorganic fertilizers on a calcareous soil on the North China Plain

“…The experiment comprised four treatments (Table 2): (1) T1 as control, the soil received no fertilizer; (2) T2 inorganic NPK, the N application rates were based on conventional farming practice (FCP) with 250 kg N ha À1 for maize (100 kg N ha À1 before planting and 150 kg N ha À1 at V12 stage), PK rates of 45 kg P 2 O 5 ha À1 and 45 kg K 2 O ha À1 , the fertilizers broadcast before sowing and urea, super-phosphate and potassium sulphate used as sources of N, P and K; (3) T3 compost + 70% NPK, the NPK fertilizer replaced by a commercial compost (30% of fertilizer N replaced) and the compost mainly derived from cow wastes, compost moisture content 30% containing 33.2% C, 2.0% N, 0.8% P and 0.7% K (Yong et al, 2011), compost application rate 3000 kg ha À1 ; and (4) T4 compost + 70% NPK + straw return, the wheat straw chopped to about 2-4 cm when wheat crops were harvested. The wheat straw rates for maize in 2012, 2013 and 2014 were 7, 6, and 5 Mg ha À1 respectively due to yield variations among different years.…”

Conversion of agroindustrial residues for high poly(γ-glutamic acid) production by Bacillus subtilis NX-2 via solid-state fermentation

“…For these reasons, SSF was chosen for γ-PGA production in this study. Several studies have applied SSF to produce γ-PGA; however, they failed to satisfy the requirements of large-scale production because of some shortcomings, including relatively expensive medium components, low final yield, and complex additives (Yong et al, 2011;Zeng et al, 2013).…”

Performance, yield and characteristics of bioflocculants (UPMBF13) produced by Bacillus subtilis UPMB13 during submerged and solid-state fermentation

“…The molecular weights of the extracted UPMBF13 were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis (Yong et al, 2011) using a vertical mini gel electrophoresis setup; Bio-Rad Mini-PROTEAN ® Tetra cell (Bio-Rad, Spain). The Mini-PROTEAN ® TGX ™ precast gel was mounted on the cassette and 1x running buffer was added and allowed to overflow into the mini tank.…”