Optimization of the preconcentration system of cadmium with 1(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol using a knotted reactor and flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection

Preconcentration system for cadmium and lead determination in environmental samples using polyurethane foam/Me-BTANC

“…Polyurethane foam (PUF) impregnated with the reagent 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol (TAC) [20] has been used for lead determination in saline samples by ETAAS. TAC has been also used in an on-line preconcentration procedure based on the precipitation of cadmium(II) ions on a knotted reactor [25].…”

Determination of copper in biological samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after precipitation with Me-BTAP

“…A variety of organic molecules are commonly used for preconcentration procedures based on precipitation and coprecipitation such as 8-quinolinol (Akatsuka and Atsuya 1987) violuric acid (Saracoglu et al 2006) 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol (Cerutti et al 2004) and diethyldithiocarbamate (Elçi et al 1987). Low solubility in water and capacity to form complexes with a large variety of metals are the characteristics required for the use of these substances in precipitation methods.…”

Use of Al2O3 in an automated on-line pre-concentration system for determination of cadmium(II) by FAAS

“…Its presence in abnormally high levels can cause a series of adverse reactions [1]. According to the World Health Organization, the maximum permissible level of cadmium in drinking water is 3.0 g L −1 [2]. Hence, the analytical control of cadmium in drinking water is becoming an increasingly important issue, and sensitive analytical techniques to obtain adequate detection limits are in demand.…”

“…One of the most popular multivariate designs is the two-level full (or fractional) factorial, in which every factor is experimentally studied at only two levels. Due to their simplicity and relatively low cost, full factorial designs are very useful for preliminary studies or the initial steps of optimization, while fractional designs are almost mandatory when the problem involves a large number of factors [2,21]. Doehlert designs, proposed in 1970, can be used for an optimization refinement of the analytical system.…”