Optimization of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol using superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles in aqueous solutions

Abstract

The photocatalytic process was optimized using RSM-CCD. Considering the design, optimum pH conditions were obtained as 3, phenol concentration as 80 mg l−1, UV/SPIONs ratio as 3, and contact time as 60 min, leading to 94.9% phenol removal.

Adsorption‐Based Approaches for Exploring Nanoparticle Effectiveness in Wastewater Treatment

“…Practical techniques can synthesize nanoparticles to trap various contaminants, including organic pollutants, heavy metals, and colours. According to a recent study, [5] new nanoparticle techniques are being developed to improve their effectiveness in various wastewater treatment procedures such as photo‐catalysis and adsorption. Nanoparticles′ flexibility is demonstrated by their great functions as adsorbents, catalysts [6,7] and antibacterial agents [8–11] .…”