Optimization of the Operation and Maintenance of renewable energy systems by Deep Reinforcement Learning

The Teaching Effectiveness of Civics Class Based on the Optimization of Integrated Teaching and Deep Learning

“…Thirdly, immersive learning experience is not enough and multidirectional. The multidirectional and integrated teaching context calls for a deeper physical experience of blended teaching [27]. That is the development trend of hybrid teaching in China.…”

A sequential decision problem formulation and deep reinforcement learning solution of the optimization of O&M of cyber-physical energy systems (CPESs) for reliable and safe power production and supply

“…Despite the agent may in principle find the optimal O&M policy by means of direct interactions with the real-world system, this turns out to be unfeasible in the case of CPES for economic, safety and time issues: the trial-and-error nature of the learning process consists in performing several times the actions suggested by the algorithm to explore the solution space, leading to economically inconvenient and unsafe system management in the early stage of the learning process (when they are not yet optimal); thus, the learning agent is typically trained using a white-box environment model of the system of interest [4].…”

“…The main idea is to avoid too large policy updates, which can increase the probability of accidental performance collapses. PPO is considered relatively easy to implement and tune, and despite its simplicity, it has been shown able to outperform many state-of-the-art approaches on discrete and continuous benchmarks [35] and on several applications in different research fields, such as supply chains [47], autonomous vehicles [48] and power production plants [4,[30][31][32].…”

“…As RL agent, based on the settings in [4,13], we use a DNN with two hidden layers of 64 neurons. The IL step is performed by generating 500…”

“…Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPESs) are highly connected systems for energy production, transmission and distribution [1,2], for which high reliability and availability must be guaranteed by proper Operation & Maintenance (O&M) procedures [3,4].…”