Optimization of the nutrient growing solution and inoculation rate for <i>Azolla mexicana</i> production and use as fertilizer

Widiastuti, Dwi P.; Davis, Jessica G.

doi:10.1080/01904167.2020.1849287

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Using the Azolla plant as a biofertilizer, animal feed, medicine, water purifier, biogas generation, human food, mosquito control, and ammonia reduction contributes significantly to environmental preservation. When included in aquafeed, They can also be used as green manure for crops such as rice, wheat, water bamboo, taro, vegetables, bananas, and red spinach, resulting in 60%-80% of nitrogen mineralization [140,141]. However, it is important to note that Azolla growth can be problematic in certain conditions where water has high nutrients.…”

Section: The Other Uses Of the Azolla Plant And Its Environmental Con...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Use of Azolla Meal as a Feed Ingredient in Aquatic Animals’ Diets

Yohana,

Ray,

Yang

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Research

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The aquaculture industry’s insatiable demand for fishmeal has led to a price surge, prompting the search for a sustainable alternative protein source. Enter Azolla meal, a plant protein that could be a viable substitute for fishmeal. This cost-effective supplemental feed could be a game-changer for small-scale producers looking to expand their aquaculture production. Numerous experiments have been conducted on replacing fishmeals with Azolla meals in fish diets, and the results have sparked further research. This review delves into Azolla’s composition, comparing it to fishmeal in terms of proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It also explores the value of employing Azolla in fish feeds and the various methods to mitigate its adverse effects through feed additives during the feed formulation. This review discusses the essential effects of Azolla meal on the growth of various fish species, including tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), catfish (Clarias batrachus), thai silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), rohu (Labeo rohita), and catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus). Azolla’s potential extends beyond its use as a fish feed ingredient. It could also be utilized for bioremediation to remediate hazardous chemicals in water resulting from aquaculture, industrial, and household waste. Further research is needed to optimize the use of Azolla meal in fish feed and to develop cost-effective production methods. This review is a valuable resource for farmers looking to maximize profit when using Azolla in aquafeed and potentially sustainably enhance aquaculture production. With its promising potential, the Azolla meal could be the key to meeting the growing demand for fishmeals while reducing the industry’s environmental impact.

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Section: The Other Uses Of the Azolla Plant And Its Environmental Con...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Use of Azolla Meal as a Feed Ingredient in Aquatic Animals’ Diets

Yohana,

Ray,

Yang

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Research

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“…Therefore, when we grew Azolla, we aimed to maintain the temperature of the growing media below 30 • C and protected the Azolla from high light intensity. The inoculation rate of Azolla for the production ponds was 100-200 g m -2 based on a previous greenhouse study result [50]. Azolla was harvested 3-4 weeks after inoculation.…”

Section: Field Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azolla Biofertilizer Is an Effective Replacement for Urea Fertilizer in Vegetable Crops

et al. 2023

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Azolla spp. is a water fern that hosts Anabaena azolla, an N-fixing cyanobacterium, in its dorsal leaf cavities. Azolla occurs naturally in freshwater bodies in warm-temperate and tropical regions, and they have commonly been grown in rice paddies as a living fertilizer, providing N to the rice crop. We evaluated the potential use of Azolla harvested from freshwater bodies and applied as a biofertilizer to dryland vegetable crops. Two-thirds of the greenhouse gas emissions from crop production is attributed to N fertilizer, including fossil fuels used in fertilizer production and transportation. Azolla grown in on-farm ponds could remove CO2 from the atmosphere and minimize the use of fossil fuels in fertilizer production and transport. A 140-d laboratory incubation was used to compare the N mineralization of Azolla biofertilizer with compost and cyanobacterial biofertilizer treatments. Azolla treatments had the greatest N availability at the end of the incubation (73.0%), with compost demonstrating the least N availability (15.5%), and the cyanobacterial biofertilizers moderate in N release (31.6%). A greenhouse study evaluated the N uptake and yield of kale (Brassica oleracea) receiving Azolla biofertilizer compared to urea and organic fertilizers. The nitrogen uptake by kale followed the same pattern as in the incubation study, with the Azolla treatments highest among the organic fertilizers, and urea the greatest overall. Compost yielded better than the control but was the lowest yielding among the fertilizer treatments. Finally, we compared the agronomic effect of Azolla biofertilizer with urea and manure applied at the same N rates to spinach (Amaranthus cruentus) and radish (Raphanus sativus) crops grown in the field on alluvial and peat soils. Fertilizer treatments affected the spinach yield at both locations but did not affect the radish yield. The manure treatment resulted in the highest spinach yields (18–27 t ha−1), and the Azolla treatment applied at the same N rate as the manure yielded the same as the manure treatment on the peat soil and had the highest leaf and branch numbers. Azolla shows promise as a biofertilizer for dryland vegetable crops; however, an economic feasibility analysis is needed prior to encouraging the widespread adoption of on-farm Azolla production and use.

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Azolla cultivation enables phosphate extraction from inundated former agricultural soils

Vroom,

Smolders,

Van de Riet

et al. 2024

Water Research

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Optimization of the nutrient growing solution and inoculation rate for Azolla mexicana production and use as fertilizer

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

A Review on the Use of Azolla Meal as a Feed Ingredient in Aquatic Animals’ Diets

A Review on the Use of Azolla Meal as a Feed Ingredient in Aquatic Animals’ Diets

Azolla Biofertilizer Is an Effective Replacement for Urea Fertilizer in Vegetable Crops

Azolla cultivation enables phosphate extraction from inundated former agricultural soils

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