“…The approach to apply a surrogate objective function has been proposed in [22], where the surrogate objective function, z̃ ( t i , c ), is defined as bi-linear interpolant of the function, z ( t i , c ), assuming that the theoretical biosensor responses, z ( t i , c ), are already simulated using a discrete set, C′ , of concentrations c = ( c 1 , c 2 ) for all i = 1, …, n .…”