Optimization of the formulation for the synthesis of bio-based foams

Merle, Juliette; Trinsoutrot, Pierre; Bouhtoury, Fatima Charrier–El

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.044

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…During PF foaming a surfactant lowers the surface tension between polar surfaces of the PF resole resin and non-polar blowing agent to facilitate mixing until gelation of the resin. A surfactant can also increase the quantity of air bubbles in the foaming formulation -this can decrease the apparent density of the foam [141][142][143]. Some of the commonly used surfactants in the manufacture of PF foam includes Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80, DC-193, and copolymers of siloxane-oxyalkylene.…”

Section: Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of DC-193 in the formulation led to lower LOI values of the foams as compared to that of Tween-80. Merle et al [141] carried out optimization studies to produce biobased foams sourced from tannins and sodium lignosulfonate, using Tween-80, a non-ionic surfactant. Adding Tween-80 to the foam formulation resulted in a decrease in foam density from 163 kg m -3 (at 0.5 wt % Tween-80) to 149 kg m -3 (at 1.5 wt % Tween-80), along with improvements in other foam properties.…”

Section: Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adding Tween-80 to the foam formulation resulted in a decrease in foam density from 163 kg m -3 (at 0.5 wt % Tween-80) to 149 kg m -3 (at 1.5 wt % Tween-80), along with improvements in other foam properties. However, once the density of the foam reached a threshold, further addition of surfactant increased the foam apparent density [141]. An excess of surfactant in the formulation can lead to larger cell structures (caused by cell coalescence), which further leads to the collapse of foam structure [144].…”

Section: Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recent Developments in Biobased Foams and Foam Composites for Construction Applications

DSouza,

Ng,

Charpentier

et al. 2023

ChemBioEng Reviews

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A surge of research into renewable foams has yielded an array of high‐performance polymeric materials, many of which exhibit promising properties for next generation thermal insulating materials. Biobased materials are of particular interest, due to growing concerns towards enhancing the circular economy while reducing fossil fuel dependency in the construction industry. This review outlines recent developments in biobased foams based on biobased polyurethanes (BPU), biobased phenol formaldehyde (BPF) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) foams. These three areas of polymers are of particular interest due to their early stage of market adoption, yet significant industrial potential. As our focus is on construction materials, we will review their thermal, mechanical, and fire‐retardant performance, their synthesis/fabrication methods and future prospects. Improving the scalability, reproducibility and cost‐effectiveness of their production is vital for successful commercialization adoption.

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Section: Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recent Developments in Biobased Foams and Foam Composites for Construction Applications

DSouza,

Ng,

Charpentier

et al. 2023

ChemBioEng Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As one of the three main components of wood, lignin particles can also be used as a reinforcement element in phenolic foams or tanninfuranic foams [11,12]. Wood byproducts, such as tannins and lignosulfonate, were used to prepare new biobased foams, with a bulk density of 0.11-0.19 g/cm 3 [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Lightweight Bio-Degradable Lignocellulosic Porous Molding Material

Feng,

Pan,

Qiao

et al. 2023

Buildings

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Wood is an abundant biomaterial and widely used in construction and furniture. Timber processing produces large amounts of residues and byproducts, which are of low value. In this study, we proposed a new strategy for the recycle of wood residues to prepare a wood porous molding material. A hydrated thermochemical grinding process followed by high-temperature and high-pressure refining was developed to convert wood powder into high-viscosity suspension. Lignocellulosic raw materials, including pine wood, beech wood, and bamboo, were compared with different grinding time. A porous material without the addition of synthetic adhesive was obtained with a density in the range of 0.28–0.67 g/cm3. The porous molding material was characterized based on fiber morphology, volume, and porosity and mechanical performance. Pores of different sizes were distributed in the samples randomly after curing and drying. The wood’s own bindings were released through the hydrated thermochemical grinding process. The porous sample made from bamboo with a grinding time of 6 h showed a high Young’s modulus (681.1 MPa), compactness (166.8 N/Sec), and hardness (517.6 N). Woody materials were more readily made into moldings since most of the cellulose crystal structure remained intact. The wood porous moldings are fully composed of lignocellulosic components and easy to recycle. This porous green material has great potential to be applied to insulation, ceiling, cabinet, and packaging.

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“…However, in this case, the foaming process is difficult to control, resulting in an irregular distribution of pores in the foam, which is not favorable for applications. In our previous study [ 25 ], we suggested that the addition of Tween 80 as an emulsifier to the tannin–furan resin system could change the interfacial tension of the molten polymer, resulting in bubble wrapping, which is essential for the preparation of foams with uniform pore distribution. The lower hardness and compressive strength of the foams prepared with glyoxal as a cross-linking agent compared to formaldehyde was attributed to the fact that the intercellular polymerization was not rapid enough, which led to bubble coalescence during foam blowing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Biomass Tannin-Based Flexible Foam Insoles for Athletes

Zuo,

Liu,

Essawy

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The exploitation of bio-based foams implies an increase in the use of renewable biological resources to reduce the rapid consumption of petroleum-derived resources. Both tannins and furfuryl alcohol are derived from forestry resources and are, therefore, considered attractive precursors for the preparation of tannin–furanic foams. In addition, toughening modification of tannin–furanic foams using polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) results in a more flexible network-like structure, which imparts excellent flexibility to the foams, whose relative properties are even close to those of polyurethane foams, which are the most used for fabrication of insoles for athletes. In addition, the addition of PVOH does not affect the thermal insulation properties of the foams by testing the thermal conductivity, resilience, and elongation at break, while reducing the brittleness of the samples and improving the mechanical properties. Also, the observation of the morphology of the foam shows that the compatibility between PVOH and tannin–furanic resin is good, and the cured foam does not show fragmentation and collapse, while the bubble pore structure is uniform. The developed flexible foam derived from biomass resources endows the foam with good thermal insulation properties and high mechanical properties, and the samples exhibit suitable physical parameters to be used as flexible insoles for athletes.

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Optimization of the formulation for the synthesis of bio-based foams

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Recent Developments in Biobased Foams and Foam Composites for Construction Applications

Recent Developments in Biobased Foams and Foam Composites for Construction Applications

Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Lightweight Bio-Degradable Lignocellulosic Porous Molding Material

Preparation and Characterization of Biomass Tannin-Based Flexible Foam Insoles for Athletes

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