Optimization of the efficiency and degradation rate of an automotive fuel cell system

Hahn, Sergei; Braun, Jochen; Kemmer, Helerson; Reuss, Hans-Christian

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.12.084

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is clearly possible to identify that there are major differences between some of the concepts. 111 kW [72] 232.79% [7] 430 km [12] 51-139 km [35] 380 km [73] 330 km [74] 676 [72] 20-40% [75,76] 31% [12] Low Fuel cell-ER 20 kW [77] 85-83 kW [78] 1200 W [47] 25 kW [79] 128 kW [80] 500 km [77] 650 km [80] 665 km [81] 594 km [81] 1500 km [82] 70% Can power an 8 W lidar for 323 days or a 2 W camera for 1292 days [100] 70-80% [100] 71-84% [111] 33-63% [110] 87% [38] 16% [38] No…”

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confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Technologies, Control Methods, and Optimization for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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For smart cities using clean energy, optimal energy management has made the development of electric vehicles more popular. However, the fear of range anxiety—that a vehicle has insufficient range to reach its destination—is slowing down the adoption of EVs. The integration of an auxiliary power unit (APU) can extend the range of a vehicle, making them more attractive to consumers. The increased interest in optimizing electric vehicles is generating research around range extenders. These days, many systems and configurations of extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs) have been proposed to recover energy. However, it is necessary to summarize all those efforts made by researchers and industry to find the optimal solution regarding range extenders. This paper analyzes the most relevant technologies that recover energy, the current topologies and configurations of EREVs, and the state-of-the-art in control methods used to manage energy. The analysis presented mainly focuses on finding maximum fuel economy, reducing emissions, minimizing the system’s costs, and providing optimal driving performance. Our summary and evaluation of range extenders for electric vehicles seeks to guide researchers and automakers to generate new topologies and configurations for EVs with optimized range, improved functionality, and low emissions.

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confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Technologies, Control Methods, and Optimization for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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“…obtained. [33] The control effects of single MPC, MPCÀPID (at a constant compressor efficiency), and MPCÀPID on OER are shown in Figure 6. In addition, to better compare control effects of different control strategies, the overshoot σ p , maximum relative error (Max e), and integral absolute error (IAE) are used, and the simulation time is divided into different time periods according to the times when the output current of the stack changes; simulation results of different control strategies in each time period are compared respectively.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the simulation verification of MPCÀPID control effect, as the running time of MPC program is longer than that of PID, the sampling time of controller is set to 0.001 s when PID is used to control air supply system, and the sampling time of controller is set to 0.01 s when MPC is used to control air supply system. [33] To more accurately simulate the changes of variables of the controlled PEMFC system with time under the action of the controller in the simulation verification process, the simulation step size of the controlled PEMFC system model is set to 0.0001s, which is less than the sampling time of the controller.…”

Section: Mpcàpid Control Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Hybrid Control Scheme of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Air Supply System

et al. 2021

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A hybrid control scheme of the fuel cell air supply system based on model predictive control (MPC) and proportional integral differential (PID) control is proposed for adjusting the oxygen excess ratio at a given setpoint in this paper. In the proposed scheme, the cooperative control of air compressor and back pressure valve in the fuel cell air supply system is realized by MPC. When the system is in steady state under the MPC, PID is introduced, so that the steady‐state error, which is caused by the mismatch between the control model in MPC and the controlled system during MPC control, can be eliminated. To reduce the mismatch between the control model and the controlled air supply system, back propagation neural network and look‐up table method based on bilinear interpolation are used to calculate the output air flow rate and efficiency of the air compressor in the air supply system. Simulation results show that the proposed control scheme has a better performance compared with proportional integral control, active disturbance rejection control, and single MPC. In addition, the proposed control scheme also shows good fault tolerance in the case of air supply system failure.

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“…Te Mazda model's frst supercapacitor application was in automotive powertrain applications to boost the restoration of retrieved energy from regenerative braking power [167]. Due to the ER-RB 32.1-47.7% of the total recoverable energy [134] 1.18% SOC improvement in SOC [136] 14.8 kW [135] 55.75-82.66 kJ [134] 298.75 kJ [136] No 79-94% [135] 30-60% [76] 47% [134] ER-rotary engine 80 km [137] 321 km [140] 3.8 kW [138] 20 kW [137] Low 73% [139] 78% [138] 77% [137] ER-fuel cell 500 km [141] 650 km [142] 665 km [144] 594 km [144] 1500 km [146] 20 kW [141] 85−83 kW [119] 1200 W [93] 25 kW [145] 128 kW [142] No 70% [141] 63.6-72.4% [143] 43% [93] 55.21% [145] ER-ICE 232.79% [79] 430 km [77] 51-139 km [25] 380 km [149] 330 km [151] 676 km [150] 30 kW [77] 35 kW [78] 5.5 kW [25] 111 kW [150] Low 20-40% [147,148] 31% [77] lack of chemical reactions, a supercapacitor has a greater power de...…”

Section: Supercapacitor (Sc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Range-Anxiety Reduction Strategies for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle

Prasad

Gudipalli

2023

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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Transportation is the leading source of logistics, and people contribute the significant primary emissions for increasing global warming, so we should avoid such a situation and concentrate on zero emissions. The range of the vehicle is the major problem (range-anxiety) in electric vehicles. Nowadays, researchers focus on range extender optimization since range extenders significantly improve the range of the vehicle with an auxiliary power unit (APU), which can prove consumer satisfaction. However, range extenders can recover energy by proposing the various configurations and systems of extended-range electric vehicles (EREV). Many industries and researchers summarize these efforts to optimize and find the solution for range-extenders. This paper reviewed the most suitable technologies for energy recovery and state-of-the-art topological constructions. The analysis of the study primarily concentrated on optimizing the cost of the systems, fewer emissions, and more fuel economy. The research is based on the range-extenders evaluation and summary for electric vehicles to guide automakers and researchers to invent other state-of-the-art configurations and topologies to obtain optimized EV ranges, namely, enhanced functionality and fewer emissions. A survey on specific extend-range electric vehicles and classification of EREV technologies, the performance of APUs, different control strategies of energy management in EREVs, and various existing difficulties are discussed and further enhanced for the future researcher EREV forecast offered by advanced technologies.

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Optimization of the efficiency and degradation rate of an automotive fuel cell system

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

A Systematic Review of Technologies, Control Methods, and Optimization for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles

A Systematic Review of Technologies, Control Methods, and Optimization for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles

Novel Hybrid Control Scheme of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Air Supply System

Range-Anxiety Reduction Strategies for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle

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