Optimization of the doping process and light scattering in CdS:Mn quantum dots sensitized solar cells for the efficiency enhancement

Nanocrystals as performance-boosting materials for solar cells

“…[121][122][123] Meanwhile, TiO 2 NCs have been widely applied in n-i-p solar cells using chalcogenide NC as light harvesters, such as CdSe, CdS, and PbS. [124][125][126][127][128][129][130] Similarly, ZnO NCs were used as ETL for n-i-p PbS- Review Nanoscale Advances based NC-LHSCs, 30,32,35,39,40,44,45,58,[131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145] PSCs, 146 and OSCs. [147][148][149] SnO NCs as ETL for DSSCs, [150][151][152][153][154][155][156] for OSCs, [157][158][159] and for PSCs, 173 NCs have been used as IFL for NC-LHSCs,…”

“…121–123 Meanwhile, TiO 2 NCs have been widely applied in n-i-p solar cells using chalcogenide NC as light harvesters, such as CdSe, CdS, and PbS. 124–130 Similarly, ZnO NCs were used as ETL for n-i-p PbS-based NC-LHSCs, 30,32,35,39,40,44,45,58,131–145 PSCs, 146 and OSCs. 147–149 SnO NCs as ETL for DSSCs, 150–156 for OSCs, 157–159 and for PSCs, 27,160–168 have been demonstrated.…”

“…11,14,15,17–22 Additionally, perovskite NCs are also good alternatives for light harvesting in solar cells. 12–14,16,23–28 Besides active layers (light harvesting layers), functional layers based on NCs, mainly including hole transport layers (HTLs), 29–99 electron transport layers (ETLs) 100–173 and interfacial functional layers (IFLs), 174–221 are of great importance in solar cells. Notably, NC additives also boost the performance of solar cells through defect passivation, plasmonic effect, solar concentration, light up-conversion and down-conversion/shifting, light scattering and reflection, and heat sinks.…”