Optimization of the Design Parameters of a CYANEX 272 Circuit for Recovery of Nickel and Cobalt

Bourget, Cyril; Soderstrom, Matthew; Jakovljevic, Boban; Morrison, J. D.

doi:10.1080/07366299.2011.595640

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The separation of cobalt and nickel by solvent extraction is an important industrial hydrometallurgical process. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] In our method, the phosphonium ionic liquid acts as an undiluted extractant. No addition of volatile organic solvents to the organic phase is required.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An environmentally friendlier approach to hydrometallurgy: highly selective separation of cobalt from nickel by solvent extraction with undiluted phosphonium ionic liquids

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A green solvent extraction process for the separation of cobalt from nickel, magnesium and calcium in chloride medium was developed, using undiluted phosphonium-based ionic liquids as extractants. Cobalt was extracted to the ionic liquid phase as the tetrachlorocobaltate(II) complex, leaving behind nickel, magnesium and calcium in the aqueous phase. Manganese is interfering in the separation process. The main advantage of this ionic liquid extraction process is that no organic diluents have to be added to the organic phase, so that the use of volatile organic compounds can be avoided. Separation factors higher than 50 000 were observed for the cobalt/nickel separation from 8 M HCl solution. After extraction, cobalt can easily be stripped using water and the ionic liquid can be reused as extractant, so that a continuous extraction process is possible. Up to 35 g L −1 of cobalt can be extracted to the ionic liquid phase, while still having a distribution coefficient higher than 100. Instead of hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride can be used as a chloride source. The extraction process has been upscaled to batch processes using 250 mL of ionic liquid. Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium chloride, tri(butyl)-tetradecylphosphonium chloride, tetra(octyl)phosphonium bromide, tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium bromide and Aliquat 336 have been tested for their performance to extract cobalt from an aqueous chloride phase to an ionic liquid phase. Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101) turned out to be the best option as the ionic liquid phase, compromising between commercial availability, separation characteristics and easiness to handle the ionic liquid.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An environmentally friendlier approach to hydrometallurgy: highly selective separation of cobalt from nickel by solvent extraction with undiluted phosphonium ionic liquids

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, circular hydrometallurgy goes one step further and dictates the regeneration of other reagents that are typically considered as consumables in conventional linear flowsheets. For instance, during the separation of cobalt and nickel by solvent extraction with acidic extractants, large amounts of bases and acids are consumed, respectively, for pH control and stripping [16]. As a result, significant volumes of salt solutions are produced (e.g., Na 2 SO 4 solutions), which are typically discharged to surface waters.…”

Section: What Is Circular Hydrometallurgy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Twelve Principles of Circular Hydrometallurgy

Binnemans

Jones

2022

J. Sustain. Metall.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this academic position paper, we propose the 12 Principles of a novel and more sustainable approach to hydrometallurgy that we call “circular hydrometallurgy.” The paper intends to set a basis for identifying future areas of research in the field of hydrometallurgy, while providing a “sustainability” benchmark for assessing existing processes and technological developments. Circular hydrometallurgy refers to the designing of energy-efficient and resource-efficient flowsheets or unit processes that consume the minimum quantities of reagents and result in minimum waste. The application of a circular approach involves new ways of thinking about how hydrometallurgy is applied for both primary and secondary resources. In either case, the emphasis must be on the regeneration and reuse of every reagent in the process. This refers not only to the acids and bases employed for leaching or pH control, but also any reducing agents, oxidizing agents, and other auxiliary reagents. Likewise, the consumption of water and energy must be reduced to an absolute minimum. To consolidate the concept of circular hydrometallurgical flowsheets, we present the 12 Principles that will boost sustainability: (1) regenerate reagents, (2) close water loops, (3) prevent waste, (4) maximize mass, energy, space, and time efficiency, (5) integrate materials and energy flows, (6) safely dispose of potentially harmful elements, (7) decrease activation energy, (8) electrify processes wherever possible, (9) use benign chemicals, (10) reduce chemical diversity, (11) implement real-time analysis and digital process control, and (12) combine circular hydrometallurgy with zero-waste mining. Although we realize that the choice of these principles is somewhat arbitrary and that other principles could be imagined or some principles could be merged, we are nevertheless convinced that the present framework of these 12 Principles, as put forward in this position paper, provides a powerful tool to show the direction of future research and innovation in hydrometallurgy, both in industry and in academia. Graphical Abstract

show abstract

“…In recent years this system has been modelled by Cytec, the manufacturer of Cyanex 272 (Soderstrom et al, 2010). A simulation software package named MINCHEM used in copper SX, has recently been expanded to allow evaluation of more complex metal/ligand interactions, such as those pertaining to cobalt SX (Bourget et al, 2011). However, this is a standalone, in-house model not currently compatible with existing flowsheeting packages used by engineering companies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%