Optimization of the 15N2 incorporation and acetylene reduction methods for free-living nitrogen fixation

Smercina, Darian N.; Evans, Sarah E.; Friesen, Maren; Tiemann, Lisa K.

doi:10.1007/s11104-019-04307-3

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This has led to a push to use the 15 N 2 incorporation method in its place (e.g. Smercina et al, 2019a), although the latter also comes with drawbacks (Chalk et al, 2017). However, ARA remains a useful tool, and many of its issues can be addressed with use of appropriate controls and 15 N 2 calibrations (see Section 3.3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…microsite, hourly) to large (e.g. landscape, decadal) scales (Reed et al, 2011;Smercina et al, 2019a; Figure 2). At the molecular to organismal level, direct controls include conditions that affect nitrogenase enzyme activity, metabolic state, the absolute and relative availability (stoichiometry) of resources, or source-sink dynamics (e.g.…”

Section: Sources and Scales Of Bnf Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…detaching nodules from roots), incubation length, and headspace gas concentrations (e.g. of O 2 ; Vessey, 1994;Chalk et al, 2017;Smercina et al, 2019a). These conditions can be manipulated by researchers (e.g.…”

Section: Incubation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A roadmap for sampling and scaling biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems

et al. 2021

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1. Accurately quantifying rates and patterns of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in terrestrial ecosystems is essential to characterize ecological and biogeochemical interactions, identify mechanistic controls, improve BNF representation in conceptual and numerical modelling, and forecast nitrogen limitation constraints on future carbon (C) cycling.2. While many resources address the technical advantages and limitations of different methods for measuring BNF, less systematic consideration has been given to the broader decisions involved in planning studies, interpreting data, and extrapolating results. Here, we present a conceptual and practical road map to study design, study execution, data analysis and scaling, outlining key considerations at each step.3. We address issues including defining N-fixing niches of interest, identifying important sources of temporal and spatial heterogeneity, designing a sampling scheme (including method selection, measurement conditions, replication, and consideration of hotspots and hot moments), and approaches to analysing, scaling and reporting BNF. We also review the comparability of estimates derived using different approaches in the literature, and provide sample R code for simulating symbiotic BNF data frames and upscaling.4. Improving and standardizing study design at each of these stages will improve the accuracy and interpretability of data, define limits of extrapolation, and facilitate broader use of BNF data for downstream applications. We highlight aspects-such as quantifying scales of heterogeneity, statistical approaches for dealing with nonnormality, and consideration of rates versus ecological significance-that are ripe for further development. | 1123Methods in Ecology and Evoluঞon SOPER Et al.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources and Scales Of Bnf Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A roadmap for sampling and scaling biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems

et al. 2021

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“…The 15 N methods rely on measuring the 15 N abundance or ratio in samples compared to the abundance or ratio in a control. The control can involve measurements based on known ratios of the stable isotope 15 N to the more common 14 N, 15 N enriched controls or samples, or controls with no fixing abilities (Chalk et al, ; Smercina et al, ). Compared to ARA, 15 N methods are more expensive but have been found to be more reliable (Goh et al, ; Smercina et al, ).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The control can involve measurements based on known ratios of the stable isotope 15 N to the more common 14 N, 15 N enriched controls or samples, or controls with no fixing abilities (Chalk et al, ; Smercina et al, ). Compared to ARA, 15 N methods are more expensive but have been found to be more reliable (Goh et al, ; Smercina et al, ). Other methods, such as nitrogen accumulation within plants, generally do not provide estimates that are acceptable given the other restrictions listed above but have been included where the overall methodology appears robust.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Distribution of Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Terrestrial Natural Ecosystems

Davies‐Barnard

Friedlingstein

2020

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Biological nitrogen fixation is a key contributor to sustaining the terrestrial carbon cycle, providing nitrogen input that plants require. However, the amount and global distribution of this fixation is highly disputed. Using a comprehensive meta‐analysis of field measurements, we make a new assessment of global biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). We assessed the relationship between BNF in natural terrestrial environments and empirical predictors of BNF commonly used in terrestrial ecosystem and earth system models. We found no evidence for any statistically significant relationship between BNF and evapotranspiration and net or gross primary terrestrial productivity. We assessed the relationship between BNF and 11 other climate variables and soil properties at a global scale. We found that all the variables we considered had little predictive power for BNF. Using averaged biome values upscaled we calculated the median global inputs of BNF in natural ecosystems as 88 Tg N year−1. The range (52–130 Tg N year−1) encompasses most recent estimates and broadly agrees with recent independent top‐down estimates of BNF. The global values indicate a significant role for free living, as opposed to symbiotic, BNF, accounting for at least a third of all BNF. This work provides a new global benchmark and spatial distribution data set of BNF using a bottom‐up methodology.

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Evidence of endophytic nitrogen fixation as a potential mechanism supporting colonization of non-nodulating pioneer plants on a glacial foreland

et al. 2022

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Optimization of the 15N2 incorporation and acetylene reduction methods for free-living nitrogen fixation

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

A roadmap for sampling and scaling biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems

A roadmap for sampling and scaling biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems

The Global Distribution of Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Terrestrial Natural Ecosystems

Evidence of endophytic nitrogen fixation as a potential mechanism supporting colonization of non-nodulating pioneer plants on a glacial foreland

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