Optimization of Spray Drying Process of Mangiferin Extract from Mango Leaf (Mangifera indica L.) and Encapsulation for Diabetes Treatment

Abstract

Mangiferin is known as a major compound in mango leaves with various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, antiviral, cancer, diabetes,... However, the poor solubility of mangiferin limits its pharmaceutical applications. Thus, this work’s major goal was to optimize the parameters of the spray-drying process in order to improve the dissolution of mangiferin in Mangiferin indica L. leaf extract and capsule formulation for diabetes treatment. Fourteen experiments were designed with Design Expert software and optimized process formulas with BC Pharsoft OPT software. Three independent variables were selected for surveying namely the ratio of mangiferin to excipients (X1), the ratio of maltodextrin in spray fluid composition (X2), and inlet air temperature (X3). The dissolution of mangiferin was shown as the percentage of this compound released within 5 minutes (Y1), 15 minutes (Y2), 30 minutes (Y3), and the percentage of hygroscopicity at 25oC (Y4). The results showed that the optimized spray drying process and formula which included the ratio of mangiferin and maltodextrin in the spray drying solution being 8.30% and 9.63%, respectively, the inlet air temperature of 156.26oC, blowing speed of 50 m3/s, pump flow of 3 mL/min possessed the dissolution of mangiferin in spray drying powder of 91.89 ± 2.43% at 30 minutes, the percentage hygroscopicity of 0.13 ± 0.13% at 25oC. The cause-effect relations and optimization of Mangiferin indica L leaf extract powder formulation were investigated and reported for the first time. The spray-dried powder capsule released more than 90% active ingredients in 30 minutes and showed significant hypoglycemic effects in inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme (IC 50 of 36.94 µg/mL equivalent to mangiferin in comparison with the commercial drug Glucobay (acarbose 176.09 µg/mL). In summary, the capsules containing the optimized formula of mangiferin spray-dried powder from Mangifera indica L. leaf extract have been successfully prepared and had potential antidiabetic effects in in-vitro settings.