Optimization of sonication-assisted synthesis of magnetic Moringa oleifera as an efficient coagulant for palm oil wastewater treatment

Natural-based coagulants/flocculants as sustainable market-valued products for industrial wastewater treatment: a review of recent developments

“…When added to wastewater, the cationic polyelectrolytes present in MO seeds destabilize the suspended particles and facilitate their aggregation and settling, leading to the removal of contaminants. 57,58 Tannins and lignin have also shown promising results in removing dyes and heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Tannins are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds found in plants such as tea, grapes, and oak.…”

“…This system has been shown to be effective in the removal of turbidity, organic matter, and bacteria from wastewater. 34,58,81,98…”

“…1 In addition to the synthesis of MN/Fs, there are also various methods for their preparation, such as emulsion polymerization and sol-gel synthesis. 58,95 The modied natural materials are then subjected to various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, SEM, and FTIR, to conrm the successful incorporation of the magnetic nanoparticles. Finally, the MN-C/Fs are prepared by dispersing the modied natural materials in water and optimizing the conditions for coagulation and occulation.…”

“…This likely prevented a gradual decrease in the performance of MMO in removing pollutants from palm oil wastewater. 58,101 Lü et al (2018) explored the reuse of Quaternized chitosan (QC)-graed MNPs occulants for the removal of diesel oil from wastewater. The study found that Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -QC could be regenerated and reused up to eight times under acidic condition and seven cycles under both neutral and alkaline conditions without signicant loss of their removal efficiency (Fig.…”

“…This system has been shown to be effective in the removal of turbidity, organic matter, and bacteria from wastewater. 34,58,81,98 (3). Magnetic starch occulants-based system: magnetic starch-based occulants are a type of magnetic natural occulant that uses starch, a natural polymer derived from plants, as the occulant material.…”