Optimization of Solvent Sonication-Maceration for Enhancing Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Portulaca oleracea L. Extract Using the Simplex Centroid Design Method

Abstract

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a common weed belonging to the family Portulacaceae and is characterized by reddish stems and alternate leaves. In addition, this resilient herbaceous plant thrives worldwide, primarily in the tropical and subtropical regions, and is recognized for its diverse culinary applications as green or yellow leafy potherbs. 1 Despite the culinary applications, purslane possesses a myriad of pharmacological effects that have garnered significant scientific interest. These effects include anti-inflammatory, wound healing, neuroprotective, anti-asthmatic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. [2][3][4][5][6][7] According to previous studies, the pharmacological potency of purslane can be attributed to its rich secondary metabolite content, comprising an array of phenolic compounds. These compounds include cinnamic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, pcoumaric acid, syringic acid, and gallic acid. 8,9 Purslane has also been reported to contain flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, all contributing to the therapeutic potential. 9,10