Optimization of solvent and ultrasound-assisted extraction for different anthocyanin rich fruit and their effects on anthocyanin compositions

Abstract

Conventional solvent extraction (CE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UE) were systematically optimized for fruit (blueberries, cherries, and red pear peels) with different anthocyanin compositions to pursue high recovery of polyphenols and anthocyanins with high antioxidant activity in this study. The effects of the extraction methods and conditions on anthocyanin compositions in different fruit were also analyzed by HPLC. The optimum were identified as: 60% methanol, 50 °C, 1 h using CE or 70% methanol, 30 °C, 20 min using UE for blueberries; 60% ethanol, 70 °C, 1 h using CE or 80% ethanol, 30 °C, 20 min using UE for cherries; 60% methanol, 50 °C, 1 h using CE or 60% ethanol, 30 °C, 60 min using UE for red pear peels. From analysis, ultrasound specifically enhanced the extraction of total monomeric anthocyanins from fruit by dissociating polymeric anthocyanins in less polar solvent system. HPLC analysis revealed that both extraction methods and conditions altered the amount of specific anthocyanin compounds in fruit extracts, including delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, or malvidin with different sugar moiety. Therefore, different conditions for CE and UE might be implemented for specific fruit with different anthocyanin compositions for maximizing the recovery of anthocyanins.

Phenolics in Foods: Extraction, Analysis and Measurements

“…This is a very simple method with relatively low cost, and it can be used on both small laboratory and large industrial scale [84,85]. The use of UAE has been widely used in the last years in the extraction of polyphenols from diferent parts of plants such as leaves, stems, stalks, fruits, seeds [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93]. In general, the experimental procedure involves the use of ultrasounds with frequencies ranging from 20 to 2000 kHz, which increases the permeability of cell walls and produces cavitation.…”

Identification and Quantification of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity, and Bile Acid‐Binding Capacity of Garnet Stem Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

“…In case of cyanidin-3-(6malonyl)-glucoside A-1 and cyanidin-3-(6-malonyl)-glucoside A-2, the effect of formic acid was significantly higher than all other acids, whereas in case of peonidin-3-(malonyl)-glucoside, the effect of formic acid was significantly higher than acetic acid. However, most of the reported studies have used MeOH: HCl to extract anthocyanins (Akashi et al, 1997;Ereifej et al, 2015;Ferreres, Castaner, & Tomas-Barberan, 1997;Wang et al, 2016). This may be due to the nature of the plant matrix, moisture content, and polarity of the anthocyanins present in each crop.…”

Moisture Adsorption Isotherm and Storability of Hazelnut Inshells and Kernels Produced in Oregon, USA

“…The residue was dried in a 40 °C oven for 12 h, and collected as the defatted kernel samples. The methanolic extracts of the defatted sample were used to determine TPC using the FC assay (Slinkard and Singleton ; Wang and others ). Briefly, a mixture of 0.5 mL of FC reagent and 7.5 mL of distilled water was added to 0.5 mL of kernel extracts or gallic acid (a series of concentrations as a standard).…”