Optimization of solid-phase-extraction cleanup and validation of quantitative determination of eugenol in fish samples by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

This paper describes a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of eugenol in fish samples, based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). Samples were extracted with acetonitrile, and then cleanup was performed using C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE). The determination of eugenol was achieved using an electron-ionization source (EI) in multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. Under optimized conditions, the average recoveries of eugenol were in the range 94.85-103.61 % and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 12.0 %. The limit of detection (LOD) was 2.5 μg kg(-1) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 5.0 μg kg(-1). This method was applied to an exposure study of eugenol residue in carp muscle tissues. The results revealed that eugenol was nearly totally eliminated within 96 h. Graphical Abstract Flow diagram for sample pretreatment.

Development of a SIDA-SPE-GC-MS/MS isotope dilution assay for the quantification of eugenol in water samples

“…According to our previous work, C18‐type SPE cartridge showed satisfactory recoveries (Li et al., , ). In this work, C18‐type SPE cartridge is still selected as an appropriate choice in the further testing.…”

“…Recently, our group has developed a sensitive and reliable method for the quantification of eugenol in fish muscle tissue using solid‐phase extraction‐coupled gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (SPE‐GC‐MS/MS) (Li, Zhang & Liu, ). In the follow‐up study, a SIDA‐SPE‐GC‐MS/MS is developed by our group for the determination of eugenol in fish and shrimp muscle tissues in which eugenol‐d3 is used as internal standard (Li, Liu, Wang, Wu & Liu, ).…”

“…C18 SPE cartridges (500 mg, 3 ml) were used for experiment. The procedure of SPE was according to our previous work (Li et al., , ). The general process was as follows.…”

A fast and accurate isotope dilution GC‐IT‐MS/MS method for determination of eugenol in different tissues of fish: Application to a depletion study in mandarin fish

“…The previous reported methods for determining eugenol in animal tissues, include gas chromatography mass spectrometry combined with Soxhlet extraction procedure in silver perch fillet (Kildea, Allan, & Kearney, ), liquid chromatography–quadrupole ion–trap mass spectrometry connected with liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) procedure in rainbow trout plasma (Guénette, Hélie, Beaudry, & Vachon, ; Guénette, Ross, Marier, Beaudry, & Vachon, ; Guénette, Uhland, Hélie, Beaudry, & Vachon, ) and rat plasma (Beaudry, Guénette, & Vachon, ), liquid chromatography connected to a phenyl SPE clean‐up procedure in rainbow trout skin‐on fillet tissue (Meinertz, Porcher, Smerud, & Gaikowski, ), gas chromatography tandem triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with a C 18 SPE clean‐up procedure in fish and shrimp muscle (Li et al, ; Li et al, ; Li, Zhang, & Liu, ), and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and dispersive solid‐phase extraction in shrimp, crab and carp muscle (Sun, Gao, & Lian, ). These methods focused on the determination of eugenol in two matrices, and the sample preparation procedures of the aforementioned methods are complicated and time‐consuming.…”

A novelty strategy for the fast analysis of sulfonamide antibiotics in fish tissue using magnetic separation with high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…The matrix of fish samples contains many fats, proteins and other interferents (Li et al, 2015). These factors bring many difficulties for the determination of SAs in fish samples.…”