Optimization of removal and recycling ratio of cover crop biomass using carbon balance to sustain soil organic carbon stocks in a mono-rice paddy system

Haque, Md. Mozammel; Kim, Sang Yoon; Kim, Gil Won; Kim, Pil Joo

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.03.022

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our results showed that rice plants plus soil emitted CH 4 until 53 DAT and then its decreased and continued up to harvesting (Figure 1). At early growth stages, rice roots released more carbon substrates for methanogen activity [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] and thus more from paddy field [32]. The abundance of methanotrophs and methanogens ( Figure 3, Figure 4) justifies our statement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Contribution of Rice Plants and Cover Crop Biomass Amended Soil on Methane Emission

Haque¹,

Biswas²,

Alam³

et al. 2018

AJCC

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Rice plant and soil are playing vital role for produce of methane (CH 4 ) emission from flooded rice soil. Contribution of rice plants and cover crop biomass amended soil on methane emission has not been yet studied under different cover crop biomass incorporated in paddy fields. Closed-chamber method was used to estimate CH 4 emission rates during rice cultivation under soil plus rice plants and soil alone condition. Soil plus rice plants chambers 62 × 62 × 112 cm 3 and soil alone chambers 20 × 20 cm 2 were placed at the same time during rice cultivation (0 days after rice transplanting). Therefore, to evaluate the contribution of soil plus rice plants and soil alone on methane (CH 4 ) emission under different rates of cover crop biomass incorporated soil during rice cultivation. Methane emission from soil plus rice plants increased up to 53 days after transplanting (DAT) and then it's decreased and continued till harvesting. It was found that ca. 47% -52% CH 4 was mediated by rice plants and ca. 48% -53% through rice soil alone under 12 Mg•ha −1 cover crop biomass incorporated treated plots. Whereas, only ca. 9% -10% CH 4 emission was mediated by rice plants and ca. 90% -91% by rice soil alone when 0 and 3 Mg•ha −1 cover crop biomass was incorporated. Therefore, it could be concluded that rice soil alone was more influenced for CH 4 emission than rice plants in paddy fields.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Contribution of Rice Plants and Cover Crop Biomass Amended Soil on Methane Emission

Haque¹,

Biswas²,

Alam³

et al. 2018

AJCC

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“…The soil was a silt loam with 20.4 ± 3.9 g/kg of organic matter, 0.70 g/kg of total nitrogen, a pH (1:5 with H 2 O) of 6.2 ± 0.32 and extractable P 2 O 5 of 78.7 ± 3.1 mg/kg (Lancaster method). In Korea, the recommended rate of seed application for barley and hairy vetch as winter cover crop is 180 and 90 kg/ha, respectively (Jeon et al ., ; Haque et al ., ), but a mixture of seeds of barley (75% of the recommended dose, RD) and vetch (25% of RD) has been broadly utilized in Korean agricultural lands to improve biomass productivity and soil fertility (Haque et al ., ; Haque et al ., ). This mixture of barley and vetch seeds was broadcasted after rice harvest in 2012.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A closed‐chamber method was used to estimate CH 4 , N 2 O and CO 2 emissions during rice cultivation (Rolston, ; Ali et al ., ; Haque et al ., , ,b). Transparent glass chambers with a surface area of 62 × 62 cm and a height of 112 cm were placed permanently on the flooded soil after rice transplant to monitor CH 4 and N 2 O emission rates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressing methane emission and global warming potential from rice fields through intermittent drainage and green biomass amendment

Haque

Biswas

Kim

et al. 2015

Soil Use and Management

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Winter cover crops are recommended to improve soil quality and carbon sequestration, although their use as green manure can significantly increase methane (CH 4 ) emission from paddy soils. Soil management practices can be used to reduce CH 4 emission from paddy soils, but intermittent drainage is regarded as a key practice to reduce CH 4 emission and global warming potential (GWP). However, significantly greater emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are expected when large amounts of cover crop biomass are incorporated into soils. In this study, we investigated the effects of midseason drainage on CH 4 emission and GWP following incorporation of 0, 3, 6 and 12 Mg/ha of cover crop biomass. Methane, CO 2 and N 2 O emission rates significantly (P < 0.05) increased with higher rates of cover crop biomass incorporation under both irrigation conditions. However, intermittent drainage effectively reduced seasonal CH 4 fluxes by ca. 42-46% and GWP by 17-31% compared to continuous flooding. Moreover, there were no significant differences in rice yield between the two water management practices with similar biomass incorporation rates. In conclusion, intermittent drainage and incorporation of 3 Mg/ha of green biomass could be a good management option to reduce GWP.

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“…The changes in the SOC stock were estimated by analysing NECB (Haque, Kim, Kim, & Kim, ; Smith et al, ):

\begin{matrix} lefttrue \\ NECB = Σ Input - Σ Output \\ = (NPP + Fertilizer) - (Harvest removal + Respired C loss) . \end{matrix}

where the NPP (net primary production) of the cover crop, weeds and maize, and fertilizer (urea) were evaluated as C input sources, and the harvest C removal and respired C loss were evaluated as C output sources.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The changes in the SOC stock were estimated by analysing NECB (Haque, Kim, Kim, & Kim, 2015;Smith et al, 2010):…”

Section: Evaluation Of Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget (Necb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depletion of soil organic carbon stocks are larger under plastic film mulching for maize

Lee

Hwang

Park

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

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To determine the effect of plastic film mulching (FM) on changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, the annual C balances were determined by analysing the net ecosystem C budget (NECB), which means the difference between total C input and output, under FM and with no mulching for 2 years. Plots with black FM and no mulching were installed as the main treatment, and chemical and organic fertilizer plots were placed within each main plot as sub‐treatments. In the organic fertilizer treatment, a mixture of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) was cultivated as a cover crop during fallow seasons, and its whole biomass (9.1–13.9 Mg ha−1, DW) was recycled as green manure. Plastic film mulching significantly increased the maize yield (p < 0.001), mainly because of improved soil moisture and temperature conditions. This stimulated growth under FM, increased the net primary production (NPP) of maize by 3.8–4.7 and 5.0–5.2 Mg C ha−1 over no mulching in the chemical and organic fertilizer treatments, respectively. However, FM increased the loss of mineralized C by an average of 2.6 and 3.7 Mg C ha−1 over the no‐mulching plots for the same treatments. Because the whole aboveground biomass of maize was removed, the annual NECB had a large negative value under all treatments. For the chemical fertilizer treatment, the annual NECB was minus 6.1–7.1 Mg C ha−1 year−1 under no mulching, but under FM it decreased to minus 7.9–8.9 Mg C ha−1 year−1. Cover cropping and its biomass recycling, however, increased the annual NECB by 43–48% and 25–26% with no mulching and FM, respectively. Therefore, cover cropping and the recycling of its biomass and crop residues are more likely to sustain SOC stocks under the FM system. Highlights Film mulching significantly increased maize yields and net primary production. Film mulching significantly increased respired C loss in soil. Film mulching significantly decreased soil C stock. Cover cropping and incorporation of its biomass increased soil C stock.

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Optimization of removal and recycling ratio of cover crop biomass using carbon balance to sustain soil organic carbon stocks in a mono-rice paddy system

Cited by 41 publications

References 22 publications

Contribution of Rice Plants and Cover Crop Biomass Amended Soil on Methane Emission

Contribution of Rice Plants and Cover Crop Biomass Amended Soil on Methane Emission

Suppressing methane emission and global warming potential from rice fields through intermittent drainage and green biomass amendment

Depletion of soil organic carbon stocks are larger under plastic film mulching for maize

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