Optimization of reaction parameters for the green synthesis of zero valent iron nanoparticles using pine tree needles

Abstract

In the current study, the optimal reaction condition for fabrication of INPs by using pine tree (Pinus eldarica) leaf extract was developed. A fractional factorial design was utilized to screen the effective parameters in the green synthesis reaction, and central composite face design was employed to achieve the optimal reaction condition. Leaf extract and iron precursor concentrations were found to be the most effective parameters for the fabrication of INPs. Physicochemical characteristics of the obtained nanoparticles were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and derivative thermo gravimetric (DTG). The prepared particles were found to be zero-valent iron nanoparticles without any iron oxide impurities. Nanoparticles were spherical in shape with diameters ranging from 8 nm to 34 nm with a mean particle size of 18 nm. The fabricated particles were amorphous with a low magnetization value of 33 memu/g.

Biogenic α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Enhance the Biological Activity of Trichoderma against the Plant Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

“…Kheshtzar et al synthesized nanoparticles using three different leaf extracts from plants such as Eucalyptus tereticornis, Melaleuca nesophila, and Rosmarinus officinalis, with FeCl 3 employed as a precursor for iron ions. The use of transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanoparticles were covered by biological compounds from the plant extracts.…”

Characteristics of the Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Cone Extracts from Conifers Determined Using Electrochemical and Spectrophotometric Methods

“…FTIR spectra of coniferous biomass such as needles, bark, xylem and wood have been described in a few publications [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. However, the identification of spectra for polyphenolic compounds was not focused on.…”

Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Synthesis to Theranostic Applications

“…Mathematical modeling of smart complex systems can also be done to understand complex interactions in the final analysis so that a given biomedical approach can be successfully used. 199 The future applications and challenges in using MNPs pass through the conclusive interpretation of the toxicological features at nanoscale for both in vivo and in vitro trials. 200 After several positive results in animals despite technical difficulties, few studies of magnetic drug delivery are presently undertaking initial human trials.…”

“…Long-term stability of the functionalized MNPs is important before they can be widely introduced for clinical use. Mathematical modeling of smart complex systems can also be done to understand complex interactions in the final analysis so that a given biomedical approach can be successfully used . The future applications and challenges in using MNPs pass through conclusive interpretation of the toxicological features at nanoscale for both in vivo and in vitro trials …”