Optimization of Quantitative Analysis of Biofilm Cell from Pipe Materials

Abstract

The quantitative analysis of biofilm can be used not only to assess the microbiological stability of tap water but also on its basis can assess: the degree of colonization of materials by bacterial cells, the rate of biofilm formation on the surfaces of pipes and determine their composition and number. The article presents the results of research on the development of an effective method of biofilm detachment from the surface of the galvanized steel. The number of biofilm cells was determined by methods: (1) luminometric ATP determination, (2) flow cytometry and (3) heterotrophic plate counts (HPC). The presence of the biofilm was confirmed by SEM and fractal analysis. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the most effective method of detaching the biofilm cells from the galvanized steel surface was the mechanical separation with a sterile cotton swab. The variant with the use of a sterile swab enables rapid collection of the biofilm from the surface of the ducts forming internal installations or water supply networks. Due to the simplicity and speed of obtaining results, the luminometric ATP measurement has been established as the best method for the quantification of biofilm cells. The results of this study were intended to provide reliable and useful data on the quantification of biofilm cells.

Operation and Maintenance Cost of Water Management Systems: Analysis and Optimization

“…The literature also includes a number of examples of intermediate states, illustrating system functionality between states of entire reliability and of total inability. The intermediate states are generally denominated as "Emergency" [61,62,68] or "Under Threat" [69][70][71]. In general, the emergency or under-threat states represent a situation when system operation is disrupted by unintentional events, but the system is partially able to process its operational tasks or incompletely maintain its functional capabilities.…”