Optimization of pyrolysis conditions for char production from rice husks and its characterization as a precursor for production of activated carbon

Menya, Emmanuel; Olupot, Peter Wilberforce; Storz, Henning; Lubwama, Michael; Kiros, Yohannes; John, M. J.

doi:10.1007/s13399-019-00399-0

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…R 2 and adjusted R 2 values were in good agreement, with an approximately 95% confidence level, implying that the experimental and predicted efficiencies were not much different [46,48]. Additionally, the predicted R 2 values of 0.8293, 0.8237, 0.8999, and 0.9202 for PLA/clay composites loaded with NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH) 2modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH) 2 -modified K98 rice husks, respectively, were in reasonable agreement with adjusted R 2 values (respective differences were less than 0.2) [31,46]. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation (C.V.), which must be lower than 10%, shows precision of the actual and predicted model [25,39].…”

Section: Analysis Of Variance For Model Statistical Significancesupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Studentized residuals were randomly scattered in a constant range across plot "0." These plots did not show any clear pattern, suggesting random distribution of the residuals and hence validating the initial assumption of constant variance [31,35]. Moreover, all residual data points fell between + 4.03715 and − 4.03715, proving the adequacy of the quadratic models, especially in relation to the high R 2 values obtained [46].…”

Section: Diagnostics and Adequacy Of Residual Plotsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…A traditional approach to experimental work for developing plastic composites is to vary one factor at a time, holding all other factors fixed but this is time consuming and unable to produce satisfactory results in a wide range of experimental settings [30]. As such, the complexity of developing PLA composites with the required tensile properties can be solved by employing response surface methodology (RSM) [31]. RSM is defined as a set of mathematical and statistical tools or techniques used to build some empirical models and explain relationships between factors and responses [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of tensile strength of PLA/clay/rice husk composites using Box-Behnken design

Yiga

Lubwama

Pagel

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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It is extremely important to save costs and time while enhancing accuracy in experimentation. However, no study has utilized response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the effects of independent parameters on properties of PLA/clay/rice husk composites. This study focused on optimization of tensile strength of fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites. RSM using Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine optimum blending parameters of the developed composites. Fiber-reinforced PLA composites were prepared using compression molding. Rice husk fiber and clay filler were used to enhance tensile properties of PLA. Five factors, namely, clay filler loading (1 − 5 wt.%), rice husk fiber loading (10 − 30 wt.%), alkali concentration (0 − 4 wt.%), rice husk variety (K85, K98), and alkali type (NaOH, Mg(OH)2) were varied with 68 individual experiments. Tensile tests were carried out according to ASTM D638 standards. ANOVA results revealed that the quadratic models best fit the tensile strength response, with filler loading and fiber loading factors as the most significant model terms. Interaction effects were more predominant than linear and quadratic effects. The developed models used to determine maximum tensile strengths of PLA/clay/rice husk composites were in close agreement with experimental findings (R2 values of 0.9635, 0.9624, 0.9789, and 0.9731 for NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH)2-modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH)2-modified K98 rice husks respectively). Individual optimal conditions were used to predict maximum tensile strengths in each set of developed composites. The predicted tensile strengths were 32.09 MPa, 33.69 MPa, 32.47 MPa, and 32.75 MPa for PLA/clay composites loaded with NaOH-modified K85 rice husks, Mg(OH)2-modified K85 rice husks, NaOH-modified K98 rice husks, and Mg(OH)2-modified K98 rice husks, respectively, which were very close to the obtained experimental values of 31.73 MPa, 33.06 MPa, 32.02 MPa, and 31.86 MPa respectively.

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Section: Analysis Of Variance For Model Statistical Significancesupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Diagnostics and Adequacy Of Residual Plotsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of tensile strength of PLA/clay/rice husk composites using Box-Behnken design

Yiga

Lubwama

Pagel

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…According to Figure 7, the band at 3399.65 cm -1 indicates the presence of stretching and symmetric stretching vibration of O-H and N-H for alcohols, carboxylic acid, and amides, respectively [22] and points to dehydration of cellulose and lignin components. The bands at 2932.86 cm -1 belong to stretching of C-H bonds [23], 1649.19-1650.16 cm -1 (C = C stretching), [24], and 1037.74-1130.32 cm -1 (C-O-C asymmetry stretching). The peak at 678.00 cm -1 is assigned to the bending vibration of the C-H bond [25], while the further drop in the band to 406.03-417.60 cm -1 (C-I stretching) indicated the involvement of alkyl halides with C -I stretching vibration as observed by other workers [26].…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is evident that the calorific value of the sample is not linearly dependent on the moisture and ash contents, rather, it is directly related to their total carbon contents, i.e., the higher the carbon content of plant biomass the higher the heat energy to do useful work [19]. Some workers [23] reported a calorific value of 19.951 kJ/kg for a combination of 50% coconut shell (25%) corn cob (25%) sugarcane bagasse, compared to coconut shell charcoal's 21.693 kJ/kg. Other workers [24] reported ash and coconut moisture contents of 10.37% and 1.56%, respectively; while rice husks show ash and moisture contents of 15.63% and 7.38%, respectively.…”

Section: Relationship Between Calorific Value Moisture and Ash Contementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Rice Husk and Coconut Shell Briquette as an Alternative Solid Fuel

Tanko

Ahmadu

Umar

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Conversion Materials

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The physical properties of briquettes made from rice husk and coconut shell in different ratios were evaluated based on their thermo-physical properties. The calculated calorific values of the rice husk and coconuts hell are 16.51 MJ/kg and 18.60 MJ/kg, with densities of 1.50 g/cm3 and 3.00 g/cm3, respectively. Coconut shell has lower moisture and ash content of 10% and 26%, respectively, before briquetting. Comparisons of the experimental and calculated calorific values of the briquettes (17 to 21 MJ/kg) showed that they are in agreement with those of the American Standard of Testing Materials (ASTM) and those reported in the literature. The results further showed that the calorific values of the five briquette ratios were not a function of their moisture and ash contents, rather their total carbon contents. The briquette at the ratio 90:10 of rice husk to coconut shell has the highest calorific value and implies that it has more heating advantages and will therefore be suitable as an alternative solid fuel.

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Optimal production of bio‐char with maximum carbon content under both inert (N₂) and reactive (CO₂) environment employing RSM

Das

Goud

2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Biomass‐derived char (bio‐char) is a stable and concentrated form of carbon that finds multiple applications from carbon sequestration to catalyst. The ambient conditions during bio‐char production play a major role in determining its physico‐chemical characteristics. This study employs a design optimization (RSM) technique to analyze the slow pyrolysis of rice husk under two different environments—inert (N2) and reactive (CO2), and analyzes the bio‐char produced. The slow pyrolysis process was optimized in a way to determine the conditions required for obtaining significant bio‐char yield with maximum carbon content. The optimal conditions under N2 environment were identified to be 521°C, 48 min, 0.87 LPM and under CO2 environment were identified to be 545°C, 43 min and 0.87 LPM, respectively. The bio‐char produced under CO2 environment was observed to have higher porosity, surface area, pH and aromaticity. These results indicated that the bio‐char obtained under a reactive (CO2) environment could be used as a potential adsorbent. The bio‐char obtained under N2 environment was found to have higher carbon content and thus, could be utilized as soil conditioners or soil enhancers, to increase the soil fertility.

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Optimization of pyrolysis conditions for char production from rice husks and its characterization as a precursor for production of activated carbon

Cited by 42 publications

References 54 publications

Optimization of tensile strength of PLA/clay/rice husk composites using Box-Behnken design

Optimization of tensile strength of PLA/clay/rice husk composites using Box-Behnken design

Characterization of Rice Husk and Coconut Shell Briquette as an Alternative Solid Fuel

Optimal production of bio‐char with maximum carbon content under both inert (N₂) and reactive (CO₂) environment employing RSM

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Optimization of pyrolysis conditions for char production from rice husks and its characterization as a precursor for production of activated carbon

Cited by 42 publications

References 54 publications

Optimization of tensile strength of PLA/clay/rice husk composites using Box-Behnken design

Optimization of tensile strength of PLA/clay/rice husk composites using Box-Behnken design

Characterization of Rice Husk and Coconut Shell Briquette as an Alternative Solid Fuel

Optimal production of bio‐char with maximum carbon content under both inert (N2) and reactive (CO2) environment employing RSM

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Optimal production of bio‐char with maximum carbon content under both inert (N₂) and reactive (CO₂) environment employing RSM