Optimization of Pretreatment Conditions for Microwave-assisted Alkaline Delignification of Empty Fruit Bunch by Response Surface Methodology&#x0D;

Harahap, Andre Fahriz Perdana; Rahman, A. A.; Sadrina, I. N.; Gozan, Misri

doi:10.14716/ijtech.v10i8.3431

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It maximized lignin removal (82 wt %) and minimized cellulose loss (35 wt %) . Oil palm empty fruit bunch is a prominent lignocellulosic waste  microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment with conditions ranging from 280 to 840 W, 1 wt/vol % to 3 wt/vol %, and 3 to 9 min for the microwave power, the NaOH concentration, and the reaction time . The optimal conditions were a microwave power of 833 W, a NaOH concentration of 2.7 wt/vol %, and a reaction time of 8.9 min for a lignin yield of 88.1% .…”

Section: Chemical and Physicochemical Delignification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Biological Delignification of Biomass: A Review

Schieppati,

Patience,

Galli

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Lignin is a highly abundant biopolymer with a complex polyphenolic structure, making it a potential source of aromatic precursors, polymers, and energy. However, its thermal stability limits its economic potential, with less than 3 wt % of waste lignin transformed into commodity products. This review focuses on the chemical and biological extraction methods for lignin to promote its valorization, which involves extraction, depolymerization, and fermentation or derivatization. As there is no universal method for extraction due to the heterogeneity of lignin, a range of methods each with their advantages and disadvantages are discussed, including sulfite pulping, Kraft, Organosolv, ozonolysis, steam-explosion, ionicliquids and supercritical CO 2 extraction, and microwave-and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Biological methods, such as bacterial, fungal, and enzymatic delignification, are also explored. The review aims to provide insights to tailor extraction methods to individual needs and promote the sustainable utilization of lignocellulosic biomass.

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Section: Chemical and Physicochemical Delignification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Biological Delignification of Biomass: A Review

Schieppati,

Patience,

Galli

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Considering the potential performance of hydrotropes in solubilizing monoterpene myrcene, urea in combination with microwave heating is applied in the separation of myrcene from Cymbopogon citratus. Microwave heating is prized in the chemical process as it gives benefits such as shorter time consumption, efficiency, low energy source, and considering an environmentally friendly method ( Yustanti, Trenggono, and Manaf 2020;Maulida et al 2020;Paramita, Yulianto, and Hartati 2019;Harahap et al 2019;Kusuma and Mahfud 2015). Furthermore, mathematical modeling of MAHtD of essential oil, considered a fundamental step in establishing an efficient and scalable industrial process, is also proposed and validated in this research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Assisted Hydrotropic Distillation of Myrcene-Rich Essential Oil of Cymbopogon Citratus

Sediawan¹,

Hartati²,

Sulistyo³

et al. 2023

IJTech

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Myrcene can be used as a versatile starting material for a myriad product for various applications. The drawbacks of the available myrcene separation techniques promote the investigation of application of environmentally clean, faster, more powerful, and cheaper methods. The combination of microwave heating system and application of urea in hydrotropic-based distillation of myrcene-rich essential oil of Cymbopogon Citratus was investigated in this work. A mathematical model of microwave assisted hydrotropic distillation (MAHtD) of essential oil based on the diffusion-control assumption is also proposed and validated. The MAHtD of C. citratus were performed by varying urea concentrations (20-30%) and temperature (105-110°C). The essential oil composition as well as its concentration were analyzed and determined by applying GC-MS. Research result shows that urea is proved as a good hydrotrop for MAHtD of myrcene-rich essential oil of C. citratus. MAHtD performed with 25% urea at a temperature of 105°C for 10 minutes gives a high myrcene content of up to 53.53%. The obtained myrcene-rich essential oil of C. citratus can be investigated for its utilization in various types of applications. Moreover, the proposed model was validated with the experimental data of MAHtD performed at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, 25% urea solution, and a temperature of 105°C. The experimental data show a good agreement with the proposed model with SSE of 0.033. The obtained effective diffusivity of the essential oil and the Henry constant in which essential for industrial scale-up process are 2.245 𝑥10 −7 𝑐𝑚 2 /𝑠 and 0.42, respectively. The effective diffusivity value was higher than those obtained from hydro distillation and microwave-assisted hydro distillation of other essential oil, which shows that urea, is a good solubilizing agent for C. citratus essential oil.

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“…Generally, it should be considered that the potential interactions between model variables could cause incorrect optimum parameters as any modifying parameter at a time. In order to minimize these computational efforts, the approach of the response surface methodology (RSM) has been employed to implement the optimization of the acoustic absorption for numerous noise control applications (Liang et al, 2007;Harahap et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2017;Wahab et al, 2019). Box and Wilson (1951) first presented this method to initialize and evolve empirical models and by providing the basic principles framework of RSM, they denote the response process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Model for Optimizing the Sound Absorption of Single Layer MPP Based on Response Surface Methodology

Esraa¹,

putra²,

Mosa³

et al. 2022

IJTech

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Micro-perforated panel (MPP) is a thin panel absorber capable of absorbing sound energy at a targeted frequency range by adjusting the MPP parameters. An analytical model is available, but it is not a direct, convenient method for practitioners to determine the required MPP parameters. This paper presents an optimized empirical model to calculate the sound absorption coefficient of a single-layer MPP. The response surface methodology is employed for a simple case to generate a second-order polynomial model through a sequence of designing processes to analyze the functional relationships and variation of the outcome performance (sound absorption coefficient) concerning the MPP parameters, namely the panel thickness, hole diameter, perforation ratio, and the depth of the back air layer. The analysis is carried out for frequencies between 300 to 900 Hz. The predicted data (empirical) is compared with the actual data (analytical), leading to a coefficient of variation of 0.145%. The proposed empirical model can be used as a method to select the suitable MPP parameters according to the targeted frequency bandwidth of absorption with less computational time.

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Optimization of Pretreatment Conditions for Microwave-assisted Alkaline Delignification of Empty Fruit Bunch by Response Surface Methodology

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Chemical and Biological Delignification of Biomass: A Review

Chemical and Biological Delignification of Biomass: A Review

Microwave Assisted Hydrotropic Distillation of Myrcene-Rich Essential Oil of Cymbopogon Citratus

An Empirical Model for Optimizing the Sound Absorption of Single Layer MPP Based on Response Surface Methodology

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