Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Novel Adsorbent from Sugar Scum Using Response Surface Methodology for Removal of Methylene Blue

Abstract

A novel and inexpensive adsorbent was prepared from sugar scum for the removal of methylene blue as an organic pollutant from aqueous solutions. The response surface methodology was used to study the effects of the calcination temperature and time on the yield and the methylene blue adsorption. In order to determine the optimal conditions of the preparation, the Doehlert design and desirability function were applied. The increase in calcination temperature increases the methylene blue adsorption and induces a reduction in yield. The optimal conditions have been identified to be a calcination temperature of 986°C and calcination time of 61 min. The characteristics of the obtained adsorbent were determined using SEM/EDX, and surface functions were obtained based on FTIR and pHpzc. The produced adsorbent had a porous structure and a pHpzc of 12.5. The results showed that the yield was 49.74% and the adsorption of methylene blue was 24.52 mg·g−1 with a contact time of 10 h determined by kinetic test. The sugar scum was found to be an effective material for the preparation of appropriate adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater.

Activated Carbon from Prickly Pear Seed Cake: Optimization of Preparation Conditions Using Experimental Design and Its Application in Dye Removal

“…Figure 7, the increase in initial methylene blue concentration produces an increase in adsorption of methylene blue. is observation can be explained by the fact that when the concentration gradient between the aqueous solution and the solid phase increases, the diffusion rate increases [36]. Moreover, the increase in the initial concentration increases the contact probability between methylene blue and the activated carbon [47].…”

“…e impregnation ratio, carbonization temperature, and carbonization time are optimized simultaneously using the desirability function included in the Nemrodw software to determine the optimal conditions for the preparation of activated carbon with high adsorption capacity for methylene blue. e desirability function varies in the interval [0,1], the value 1 corresponds to the maximum satisfaction (desired value), and 0 corresponds to an unacceptable response [36,37]. e maximum of the function gives the best global compromise for the response in the studied domains and corresponds to the optimal experimental conditions.…”

Combined Application of Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation and Membrane Separation for the Treatment of Laundry Wastewater

“…e Doehlert experimental design is applied to optimized variables and has been highlighted in applications to optimized variables in different methods [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. is design is more efficient than others like Box-Behnken and central composite designs because the advantages of selecting the order of variables can be large or small number of levels, requiring fewer experiments and be more efficient [38,39].…”

Optimization of Nitric Acid Leaching of Rare Earth Elements From Moroccan Natural Phosphate

“…To determine optimal conditions acid concentration, solid/liquid ratio, and temperature in order to define the optimal parameters allowing the maximum dissolution of the rare earths, the responses are optimized simultaneously using the desirability function included in the Nemrod software. The desirability function varies in the interval [0, 1]; the value 1 corresponds to the maximum satisfaction (desired value) and 0 corresponds to an unacceptable response (Hammas-Nasri, Horchani-Naifer, Férid, & Barca, 2016 ;Maguana et al, 2018 ;Zhang, Gu, Ahmad, & Huang, 2017 ;Chu et al, 2015). The maximum of the function D gives the best global compromise for all the responses in the studied domains and corresponds to optimal experimental conditions.…”