Optimization of plasma spray process variables to attain the minimum porosity and maximum hardness of the LZ/YSZ thermal barrier coatings utilizing the response surface approach
Abstract:Lanthanum zirconate (LZ) has emerged as a novel thermal barrier coating (TBC) material because of its higher temperature phase stability, and low sintering ability than the current standard yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). In order to combine the advantages, LZ and YSZ feedstock powders are blended with predetermined weight ratios (50:50) as composite coatings. The leading issue in developing the composite coating using the atmospheric plasma spray method (APS) is finding the optimum range of input parameters… Show more
“…As can be seen from Table 3, the porosity of the 15 groups of experiments ranged from 1.80% to 6.48%, and the overall change was obvious, which indicated that changing the combination of parameters within a reasonable range had a more obvious impact on the porosity of the coatings. In order to verify the adequacy of the model [18], the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the model was shown in Table 4.…”
Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is one of the most efficient processes for the preparation of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) ceramic coatings. Changing the spraying process parameters can significantly improve the microstructure and enhance the coating properties. In this study, the combination of plasma-spraying process parameters (current, spraying distance, and argon (Ar) flow) was varied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the help of Minitab 19 software. Applied to the design of experiments, improvement of errors, and prediction of microstructure property results, the optimization and validation of experimental parameters for attaining the desired microstructure of Y2O3 coatings, especially porosity, was achieved. Process parameters were optimized by RSM: current 613.64 A, Ar flow rate 46.92 L/min, spray distance 15.38 cm, and optimum porosity 1.8% after optimization. Electrochemical corrosion experiments and breakdown voltage experiments revealed that the corrosion resistance and dielectric properties increased significantly as the porosity of the coatings decreased. Therefore, by optimizing the plasma-spraying process parameters, the porosity of the coatings can be significantly reduced and the corrosion resistance and dielectric properties of Y2O3 coatings can be effectively improved.
“…As can be seen from Table 3, the porosity of the 15 groups of experiments ranged from 1.80% to 6.48%, and the overall change was obvious, which indicated that changing the combination of parameters within a reasonable range had a more obvious impact on the porosity of the coatings. In order to verify the adequacy of the model [18], the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the model was shown in Table 4.…”
Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is one of the most efficient processes for the preparation of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) ceramic coatings. Changing the spraying process parameters can significantly improve the microstructure and enhance the coating properties. In this study, the combination of plasma-spraying process parameters (current, spraying distance, and argon (Ar) flow) was varied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the help of Minitab 19 software. Applied to the design of experiments, improvement of errors, and prediction of microstructure property results, the optimization and validation of experimental parameters for attaining the desired microstructure of Y2O3 coatings, especially porosity, was achieved. Process parameters were optimized by RSM: current 613.64 A, Ar flow rate 46.92 L/min, spray distance 15.38 cm, and optimum porosity 1.8% after optimization. Electrochemical corrosion experiments and breakdown voltage experiments revealed that the corrosion resistance and dielectric properties increased significantly as the porosity of the coatings decreased. Therefore, by optimizing the plasma-spraying process parameters, the porosity of the coatings can be significantly reduced and the corrosion resistance and dielectric properties of Y2O3 coatings can be effectively improved.
“…Для дослідження багатофакторних систем найбільш доцільним є використання статистичних методів планування експерименту [13,14]. Під плануванням експерименту розуміють процес визначення кількості та умов проведення дослідів, необхідних і достатніх для вирішення поставленої задачі з достатньою точ-ністю.…”
Section: аналіз досліджень та публікаційunclassified
Purpose. To develop a mathematical model for describing the dependence of the microhardness of ASD-1 aluminum powder coatings on the three main factors of the cold gas-dynamic spraying process using statistical methods of experiment planning.
Research methods. Methods of statistical planning of multifactorial experiments and regression analysis were used to conduct experimental research. The analysis of microhardness was performed according to the standard methodology given in GOST 9450-76. Preparation of transverse microsections for microhardness studies was carried out according to standard methods for preparing samples for metallographic analysis of microstructure. The specialized computer program Stat-Ease 360 was used to process statistical data.
Results. The complex effect of cold gas spraying process parameters on the microhardness of ASD-1 powder coatings in a wide range of values was investigated. According to the results of experimental studies, it was established that in the investigated ranges of the deposition modes, it is possible to obtain microhardness of coatings in range from 49 to 66 HV0.15. The dispertion analysis results showed that the gas temperature and the stand-off distance have the greatest effect on the microhardness of the coatings, while the powder feed rate has no significant effect on the microhardness. The obtained regression equation can be used to predict the microhardness of coatings from the ASD-1 powder, and the error between the calculated and actual values does not exceed 5%.
Scientific novelty. Empirical dependences of the microhardness of ASD-1 powder coatings, deposited by cold spraying, on the gas temperature at the nozzle inlet, stand-off distance, and powder feed rate in the specified ranges of values were obtained.
Practical value. The obtained dependences of the coating microhardness on the process parameters can be used to select modes of cold spraying of protective and restorative coatings, in particular on aircraft engine parts.
“…These products are the first of their kind, developed in a variety of forms using natural fibers. Krishnudu et al [23] examined the optimization of the reinforcement ratios, and the optimum values of reinforcement are recommended in order to increase the mechanical characteristics [24][25][26][27][28].…”
Natural fibres find their way into many engineering applications in the automobile and aerospace sectors owing to their eco-friendly nature. Natural fiber produced from agricultural residue, is capable of enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials while lowering their overall cost. The main aim of the current study is to investigate such natural fiber, nonwoven fabric reinforced composites. In this work, samples reinforced by non-woven Abutilon indicum (AI) fibre are manufactured with varying fibre weight percentages, such as 20 %, 25 %, 30 %, 35 %, 40%, using the hand layup method and needle-punching process to make the fabric and composite. Mechanical tests such as tensile, flexural, and compressive tests were using a universal testing machine, and impact tests were performed using an izod impact tester, in addition to morphological and thermal studies were performed on the above composites and their respect compositions. The effect of the fibres on FTIR and TGA was also investigated. In order to understand the bonding behaviors and the fractured composite specimens were examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The findings revealed that the highest values of tensile and flexural strength were observed to be 39.796 MPa and 62.329 MPa at 35 wt. % fibre and maximum impact strength and compressive strength were 0.441 joules and 47.45 Mpa at 35 wt. % fibre.
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