Abstract:Microholes are widely used in industrial products, such as engine nozzles and filters for biomedical industry. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of processes to drill microholes in alloy with high aspect ratio. However, the achievable aspect ratio of a microhole by micro-EDM is limited. To improve the aspect ratio of a microhole drilled by micro-EDM, the planetary movement of electrode is applied during machining. It was found that the machining efficiency of microhole drilling can be further improve… Show more
“…Bamberg and Heamawatanachai investigated the effect of z-slicing, cylindrical slicing and z-spiralling during generation of circular micro features [9]. Similar studies have been carried out by Guo et al for generation of high aspect ratio micro holes [10]. Dave et al studied the application of orbital tool actuation on drilling of Inconel 718 and AISI 304 and reported that orbital parameters have an influence on material removal rate [11,12].…”
“…Bamberg and Heamawatanachai investigated the effect of z-slicing, cylindrical slicing and z-spiralling during generation of circular micro features [9]. Similar studies have been carried out by Guo et al for generation of high aspect ratio micro holes [10]. Dave et al studied the application of orbital tool actuation on drilling of Inconel 718 and AISI 304 and reported that orbital parameters have an influence on material removal rate [11,12].…”
“…Similarly, Bamberg and Heamawatanachi [12] assessed strategies like z-slicing, cylindrical slicing and z-spiraling for machining circular micro holes. The application of such tool actuation techniques has also been reported by Guo et al for creating high aspect ratio micro features [13]. Further, simultaneous application of tool orbiting as well as tool rotation has also been reported by Egashira et al and Ziada and Koshy for process improvement [14], [15].…”
Abstract-Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the most widely accepted advanced machining process to machine hard to machine electrically conductive materials. However, the inferior physical properties of the workpiece tend to make process unstable resulting into heavy loss of material from the tool electrode thereby leading in to generation of inaccurate features. In present work, an attempt has been made to study the effect of various process parameters viz. pulse ON time, duty factor, gap voltage and polarity of the tool electrode on end wear of the tool electrode and wear ratio during planetary EDM of Ti-6Al-4V. One factor at a time methodology has been employed to study the parameter effects. Results suggest that distortion on the tool electrode during EDM of Ti-6Al-4V is highly influenced by the pulse ON time level as well as polarity of the tool electrode employed. Further, it has also been understood that lower levels of duty factor and higher levels of gap voltage are preferable for efficient machining of titanium alloys.Index Terms-EDM, planetary, titanium, tool kinematics, wear.
I. INTRODUCTIONTitanium and its alloys have wide range of application in various sectors like aerospace, biomedical, chemical processing plants etc. owing to its high strength to weight ratio, excellent biocompatibility and good corrosion resistance. But the inferior property values for thermal conductivity, elastic modulus, volume specific heat etc. make it a material difficult to machine [1], [2]. Therefore advanced machining techniques like Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) process is commonly used for processing such materials. The process removes material with the aid of repetitive and controlled electrical sparks in the presence of a dielectric medium, which results into localized rise in temperature on both tool electrode and workpiece surface, leading to melting and vaporization of the same [3]. The debris formed is immediately flushed out from the machining zone by the dielectric fluid.Even though the process can be applied for machining titanium based alloys, one of the issues that have been reported is the relatively higher intensity of wear of the tool electrode during machining. As EDM is a process in which the negative image of the tool electrode is generated on the Concept of cryogenic cooling of the tool electrode has also been studied by researchers and reported to have positive effect on process characteristics [9]. Out of these process improvement techniques, orbiting of the tool electrode have multi-facetted advantages as it improves flushing at the inter electrode gap, reduces tool wear and improves surface finish of the final feature. Further, the tooling cost can also be reduced significantly as a bigger cavity can be made using a smaller electrode [10].Different modes of planetary tool actuation strategies have been studied by researchers in EDM process carried out at micro as well as macro level. El-Taweel and Hewidy [11] studied the effectiveness of tool actuation strategies viz., spiral and he...
“…Images of different types of electrodes (a) micro electrode [52], (b) solid copper electrode [83], (c) hollow copper electrodes [89] and bundled electrode [44] M. Kunieda et al (2000) developed multi-spark electrode and its circuit and found that this resulted in the increase of over all MRR and energy efficiency, tool wear ratio decreased and there was no significant improvement in SR [16]. The most significant change was development of WEDM where tool transformed into thin wire [15,84,26,20].…”
Un-conventional or non-traditional machining methods generally create a phantasm in mind that these are very new. In reality these methods are named so because of the process mechanism in which no shear force is used directly neither there is any contact between tool and workpiece. This does not insinuate that these processes are new because 1694 saw the dawn of EDM when Sir Robert Boyle described the phenomena of electric discharges, 1952 saw the birth of electron beam technology andin the year of 1957 and Gordon Gould designed the first laser device. All these non-traditional processes have developed rapidly in last few decades and are now the state of the art of the present manufacturing technology. Among these EDM has accrued a lot because of its advantages over other non-traditional processes. This accruement is result of various unprecedented ideas those changed the countenance of EDM and made it more efficient and economic process among the non-traditional processes. This paper presents the literature survey to throw light on all those ideas those lead to the current state of the art of EDM.
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