Optimization of photosynthetic light energy utilization by microalgae

Perrine, Zoee; Negi, Sangeeta; Sayre, Richard T.

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2012.07.002

Cited by 212 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Highly efficient light capture by large antenna, even though wasteful, confers a selective advantage in mixed species populations by limiting light availability for competing species as well as facilitating light capture at low light flux densities deep in the canopy or water column (Blankenship et al, 2011). However, the very large apparent optical cross sections of light-harvesting complexes trap substantially more photons than accommodated by the photosynthetic electron transfer apparatus (Perrine et al, 2012). Indeed, at full sunlight intensities the rate of photon capture is 10-fold faster than the rate-limiting step (1-10 ms) in electron transfer associated with plastohydroquinol oxidation by the cytochrome b6f complex (Perrine et al, 2012).…”

Section: Increasing Solar Energy Capture and Conversion Efficiency Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engineering "intermediate" antenna sizes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii improved photosynthetic rates and biomass yields on the order of 10-30% in laboratory cultures (Polle et al, 2001;Mussgnug et al, 2005;Melis, 2009;Perrine et al, 2012). To achieve an intermediate antenna size, the synthesis of Chl b, which is bound only to the peripheral light-harvesting antenna complex proteins, was reduced by inhibiting the synthesis of Chl a oxygenase, the enzyme that converts Chl a into Chl b, using RNAi technology (Perrine et al, 2012). Most recently, this approach to reduce antenna size, and thus increase biomass productivity, was performed in C. sorokiniana, where UV mutagenesis was utilized to isolate truncated antenna mutants (Cazzaniga et al, 2014).…”

Section: Increasing Solar Energy Capture and Conversion Efficiency Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In chlorophytic (green) algae, the majority (>70%) of chlorophyll (Chl) is associated with the light-harvesting antenna complexes (Perrine et al, 2012). The antenna complexes capture and transfer energy to the reaction center complexes (PS I and II) where charge separation occurs.…”

Section: Increasing Solar Energy Capture and Conversion Efficiency Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the very large apparent optical cross sections of light-harvesting complexes trap substantially more photons than accommodated by the photosynthetic electron transfer apparatus (Perrine et al, 2012). Indeed, at full sunlight intensities the rate of photon capture is 10-fold faster than the rate-limiting step (1-10 ms) in electron transfer associated with plastohydroquinol oxidation by the cytochrome b6f complex (Perrine et al, 2012). As a result, 80% of the trapped energy is dissipated as heat or Chl fluorescence at full sunlight intensities [2000 µmol photosynthetically active (400-700 nm) photons/m 2 /s (Mussgnug et al, 2005;Perrine et al, 2012].…”

Section: Increasing Solar Energy Capture and Conversion Efficiency Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greatest yield improvements, to date, have been achieved by optimizing the size of the lightharvesting antenna complex to reduce inefficiencies in energy conversion (Mussgnug et al, 2005;Perrine et al, 2012). Engineering "intermediate" antenna sizes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii improved photosynthetic rates and biomass yields on the order of 10-30% in laboratory cultures (Polle et al, 2001;Mussgnug et al, 2005;Melis, 2009;Perrine et al, 2012). To achieve an intermediate antenna size, the synthesis of Chl b, which is bound only to the peripheral light-harvesting antenna complex proteins, was reduced by inhibiting the synthesis of Chl a oxygenase, the enzyme that converts Chl a into Chl b, using RNAi technology (Perrine et al, 2012).…”

Section: Increasing Solar Energy Capture and Conversion Efficiency Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies for Optimizing Algal Biology for Enhanced Biomass Production

2015

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One of the most environmentally sustainable ways to produce high-energy density (oils) feed stocks for the production of liquid transportation fuels is from biomass. Photosynthetic carbon capture combined with biomass combustion (point source) and subsequent carbon capture and sequestration has also been proposed in the intergovernmental panel on climate change report as one of the most effective and economical strategies to remediate atmospheric greenhouse gases.To maximize photosynthetic carbon capture efficiency and energy-return-on-investment, we must develop biomass production systems that achieve the greatest yields with the lowest inputs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that microalgae have among the greatest potentials for biomass production.This is in part due to the fact that all alga cells are photoautotrophic, they have active carbon concentrating mechanisms to increase photosynthetic productivity, and all the biomass is harvestable unlike plants. All photosynthetic organisms, however, convert only a fraction of the solar energy they capture into chemical energy (reduced carbon or biomass). To increase aerial carbon capture rates and biomass productivity, it will be necessary to identify the most robust algal strains and increase their biomass production efficiency often by genetic manipulation. We review recent large-scale efforts to identify the best biomass producing strains and metabolic engineering strategies to improve aerial productivity. These strategies include optimization of photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna size to increase energy capture and conversion efficiency and the potential development of advanced molecular breeding techniques. To date, these strategies have resulted in up to twofold increases in biomass productivity.

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Section: Increasing Solar Energy Capture and Conversion Efficiency Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Solar Energy Capture and Conversion Efficiency Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Solar Energy Capture and Conversion Efficiency Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Solar Energy Capture and Conversion Efficiency Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Solar Energy Capture and Conversion Efficiency Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies for Optimizing Algal Biology for Enhanced Biomass Production

2015

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Microalgae for Energy

Razeghifard

2016

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Algae are capable of switching their metabolism that is integrated with photosynthesis under certain conditions to produce H2gas and substrates for fuels such as biodiesel. H2is produced by microalgae under anaerobic conditions induced by sulfur deprivation as the most commonly applied treatment. Under these conditions, the demand for reducing electrons by the CO2fixation process is decreased making them available for H2production by algal O2‐senstive hydrogenase enzymes. The electrons are generated from water oxidation by the photosynthetic linear electron transfer and the oxidation of stored organic compounds such as starch. Biodiesel as fatty acid methyl esters can be produced from algal triacylglycerides by a transesterification process. The triacylglyceride synthesis in microalgae can be induced under stress conditions such as nitrogen (N) deprivation. Proteomic studies have shown that N stress can cause a shift in metabolism in favor of directing carbon skeletons toward fatty acid biosynthesis for triacylglyceride production. Several important factors limiting the potential of microalgae for biofuel production and their possible solutions, including the production of other fuels such as bioethanol and biomethane from algal biomass are also presented.

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