Optimization of photonic crystal fibers for transmission of orbital angular momentum modes

Liu, Chao; Fu, Haihao; Hu, Chunjie; Zhou, Lei; Shi, Ying; Lv, Jingwei; Yang, Lin; Chu, Paul K.

doi:10.1007/s11082-021-03281-4

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Effective mode area is a fundamental performance parameter of an optical fiber that measures the size of lateral area taken up by a mode. 15 Mode in fiber with small mode area has strong bending resistance and is less susceptible to external interference. Figure 5 shows the A eff of HE 2;1 and EH 4;1 in the inner core, the spacing of the layers of air holes has almost no effect on the A eff .…”

Section: Characteristic Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3): 14 Aeff=(∬|E(x,y)|2dx dy)2∬|E(x,y)|4dx dy,where E(x,y) is the EFD in fiber cross-section. Effective mode area is a fundamental performance parameter of an optical fiber that measures the size of lateral area taken up by a mode 15 . Mode in fiber with small mode area has strong bending resistance and is less susceptible to external interference.…”

Section: Characteristic Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid-structured photonic crystal fiber for propagating vortex beams by multiple-core channels

Wang,

Yu,

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

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.Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been extensively studied to enhance communication capacity and spectral efficiency by supporting orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. However, the structural fragility resulting from the central air hole in PCFs undermines the fiber’s roundness. We introduce a hybrid PCF that replaces the central air hole with a material with a high refractive index. This innovation not only enhances the fiber’s structural strength but also introduces an additional communication channel. Furthermore, this method increases the amount of OAM modes supported for transmission in the ring. Numerical results demonstrate that significant differences in refractive indices exist between adjacent vector modes, with high mode quality (ranging from 74.6% to 97.6%) and a small effective mode area (ranging from 23.5 to 59.5 μm2). The proposed hybrid PCF can transmit 20 OAM modes in the inner core and 54 OAM modes in the outer ring. The spacing between the two layers of air holes has a minimal impact on the effective mode area and mode quality. However, the effective mode area decreases and the mode quality increases with the enlargement of the diameter of air holes. In addition, a decrease in doping concentration results in lower mode quality and a larger effective mode area. Moreover, the proposed hybrid PCF can be employed in OAM-based mode division multiplexing for high-capacity short-range fiber optic communication.

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Section: Characteristic Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristic Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid-structured photonic crystal fiber for propagating vortex beams by multiple-core channels

Wang,

Yu,

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

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show abstract

“…In the PCF, the OAM mode has the vector form made up of the even and odd modes of the same vector mode superimposed by the phase difference of π/2 according to Eq. (1): 33 {OAM±l,m±=HEl+1,meven±iHEl+1,moddOAM±l,m∓=EHl−1,meven±iEHl−1,modd,where l is the topological charge number, m is the radial order, ± and ∓ represent the direction of circular polarization, and + and − represent the right-hand circle polarization and left-hand circle polarization respectively.…”

Section: Basic Theory and Fiber Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital angular momentum-excited surface plasmon resonance for liquid refractive index sensing by photonic crystal fiber with high sensitivity and wide detection range

Liu

et al. 2022

Opt. Eng.

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With the continuous development of optical fiber sensing technology, the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) excited by the LP 0;1 mode has attracted extensive attention. In this work, an SPR PCF excited by the HE 1;1 mode is designed and the various structural parameters are optimized from the perspective of the wavelength sensitivity. The phase matching, mode field distribution, wavelength sensitivity, amplitude sensitivity, structural parameter sensitivity, and figure of merit (FOM) of the PCF-SPR sensor are systematically and comprehensively analyzed numerical by the finite element method and the characteristics are compared to those of representative PCF sensors reported in recent years. The highest wavelength sensitivity of the PCF-SPR sensor is 25;800 nm∕RIU, resolution is 3.87 × 10 −6 RIU, and FOM is 289.83 RIU −1 . The excellent sensing properties suggest that the sensor has immense potential in petroleum logging, geological exploration, and other applications.

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“…-Ring (or annular)-core optical fibers (pure silica core and cladding with the inclusion of a high refractive index material layer on the core/cladding boundary) [1][2][3][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]; -Ring-core MOFs and PCFs (silica center, bounded by a ring from material/glass (doped silica) with a higher refractive index, and air holes in the periphery) [14,15]; -Hollow-core MOFs and PCFs, also known as hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (pure silica circular fiber with large air central hole (e.g., "core") and small air holes in the periphery part, placed according to desired designed geometry) [1,2,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]; -Anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (AR-HCF) with complicated geometry: so-called "revolver" fibers-single/double/triple-ring AR-HCF and single/double noodles nested AR-HCF [3,29,[32][33][34] and nodeless nested AR-HCF [3,29,32,33,35,36], "grapefruit" [37,38], "ice-cream"…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twisted Silica Few-Mode Hollow GeO2-Doped Ring-Core Microstructured Optical Fiber

et al. 2023

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This work presents the first instance of a silica few-mode microstructured optical fiber (MOF) being successfully fabricated with a hollow GeO2-doped ring core and by strongly inducing twisting up to 790 revolutions per meter. Some technological issues that occurred during the manufacturing of the GeO2-doped supporting elements for the large hollow cores are also described, which complicated the spinning of the MOFs discussed above. We also provide the results of the tests performed for the pilot samples—designed and manufactured using the untwisted and twisted MOFs described above—which were characterized by an outer diameter of 65 µm, a hollow ring core with an inner diameter of 30.5 µm, under a wall thickness of 1.7 µm, and a refractive index difference of Δn = 0.030. Moreover, their geometrical parameters, basic transmission characteristics, and the measurements of the far-field laser beam profile patterns are also provided.

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Optimization of photonic crystal fibers for transmission of orbital angular momentum modes

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Hybrid-structured photonic crystal fiber for propagating vortex beams by multiple-core channels

Hybrid-structured photonic crystal fiber for propagating vortex beams by multiple-core channels

Orbital angular momentum-excited surface plasmon resonance for liquid refractive index sensing by photonic crystal fiber with high sensitivity and wide detection range

Twisted Silica Few-Mode Hollow GeO2-Doped Ring-Core Microstructured Optical Fiber

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