Optimization of Perovskite Gas Sensor Performance: Characterization, Measurement and Experimental Design

Abstract

Eight different types of nanostructured perovskites based on YCoO3 with different chemical compositions are prepared as gas sensor materials, and they are studied with two target gases NO2 and CO. Moreover, a statistical approach is adopted to optimize their performance. The innovative contribution is carried out through a split-plot design planning and modeling, also involving random effects, for studying Metal Oxide Semiconductors (MOX) sensors in a robust design context. The statistical results prove the validity of the proposed approach; in fact, for each material type, the variation of the electrical resistance achieves a satisfactory optimized value conditional to the working temperature and by controlling for the gas concentration variability. Just to mention some results, the sensing material YCo0.9Pd0.1O3 (Mt1) achieved excellent solutions during the optimization procedure. In particular, Mt1 resulted in being useful and feasible for the detection of both gases, with optimal response equal to +10.23% and working temperature at 312∘C for CO (284 ppm, from design) and response equal to −14.17% at 185∘C for NO2 (16 ppm, from design). Analogously, for NO2 (16 ppm, from design), the material type YCo0.9O2.85+1%Pd (Mt8) allows for optimizing the response value at −15.39% with a working temperature at 181.0∘C, whereas for YCo0.95Pd0.05O3 (Mt3), the best response value is achieved at −15.40% with the temperature equal to 204∘C.

Chemical Sensor Systems and Associated Algorithms for Fire Detection: A Review

“…In fact, electrochemical cells are the standardized option when coupling carbon monoxide sensing to smoke detectors. Current standards do only refer to this technology and CO detection, disregarding other popular options such as metal oxide sensors with a larger number of target volatiles and cross-sensitivities [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Electrochemical sensors are based on REDOX reactions that produce an external current that is then measured.…”

Optimization of Gas Sensors Based on Advanced Nanomaterials through Split-Plot Designs and GLMMs

“…Moreover, the process of optimization establishes a solid basis for the application of sensors in the industrial sector and for environmental pollution monitoring. In addition, the research is a further improvement on two previous studies [ 4 , 5 ], in which gas sensing materials were studied through mixed response surface models. In [ 4 ], the application was used on observational data, e.g., without planning an ad-hoc experimental design, while in [ 5 ], a split-plot design was planned and modeled through mixed response surface models.…”

“…In addition, the research is a further improvement on two previous studies [ 4 , 5 ], in which gas sensing materials were studied through mixed response surface models. In [ 4 ], the application was used on observational data, e.g., without planning an ad-hoc experimental design, while in [ 5 ], a split-plot design was planned and modeled through mixed response surface models. Nevertheless, in [ 5 ], the optimization was carried out through an analytical approach that allowed steady and valid model results to be obtained, even though some of these were not completely satisfactory in engineering terms due to the small number of observations for each sensing film.…”

“…In [ 4 ], the application was used on observational data, e.g., without planning an ad-hoc experimental design, while in [ 5 ], a split-plot design was planned and modeled through mixed response surface models. Nevertheless, in [ 5 ], the optimization was carried out through an analytical approach that allowed steady and valid model results to be obtained, even though some of these were not completely satisfactory in engineering terms due to the small number of observations for each sensing film. In what follows, we plan to show the improvements achieved through this new study by considering the following three innovative contributions: A split-plot design, modified with respect to the split-plot applied in [ 5 ] with observations is planned, as detailed in Section 4 .…”

Nanostructured Oxide Semiconductor Compounds with Possible Applications for Gas Sensors

“…Instead, a compact, robust, highly performing and low-cost gas sensor can be a very attractive alternative to the classical devices used for environment monitoring. A series of recent researches [2][3][4][5][6][7] have been focused for the development of solid gas sensors having as sensitive element oxide semiconductor materials, among which are the spinels and perovskites, and their performances began to be improved.…”