Optimization of performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine powered with Azolla pinnata fuel blends – A response surface methodology approach

A COmplex PRoportional ASsessment and Gray Relational Analysis methodology hybrid optimization of compression ignition engine distinctiveness fuelled by dual feed stock pyrolysis of Annona squamosa seed particles and Aegle marmelos pressed seed cake pyrolytic liquid‐diesel opus

“…Consequently, sprayed fuel molecules reaching the cool in‐cylinder walls are dropped as un‐burnt fuel particles. Thus, offer to an increasing HC emission 29 . In the higher load condition, incylinder wall temperature and pressure are augmented, which decreases the HC level 34 .…”

“…6,17,34 The NOx emission was augmenting with augmenting engine load due to elevated cylinder temperature (Zeldovich mechanism). 29 Compared to F0 (857 ppm), the F2080 fuel blend emits (860 ppm) a marginal increase in NOx rate. The co-pyrolytic oil/diesel opus enhances the engine performance and lessens the emission with better engine efficacy.…”

“…Thus, offer to an increasing HC emission. 29 In the higher load condition, incylinder wall temperature and pressure are augmented, which decreases the HC level. 34 F2080 test fuel emits a lower HC than F0.…”

“…Based on the literature review, the engine distinctiveness is investigated and optimized using RSM, ANN, Fuzzy and TOPSIS methods only. 5,18,20,23,25,28,29 As per our knowledge, none of the report demonstrates the co-pyrolysis of AM and AS and no one reported the usage of COPRAS and GRA methods in engine characteristics optimization. For the first time, co-pyrolysis of Annona squamosa seed particles and Aegle marmelos pressed seed cakes has been performed/select a new feedstock in this research and hybrid-optimization of the engine control factors has been done using COPRAS and GRA models to maximize the engine performance and minimize the emission.…”

“…The important objective of this study was to characterize the co‐pyrolysis oil obtained from thermochemical conversion of AS seed particles and AM de‐oiled cake and to expose the appropriateness for commercial engine applications. Based on the literature review, the engine distinctiveness is investigated and optimized using RSM, ANN, Fuzzy and TOPSIS methods only 5,18,20,23,25,28,29 . As per our knowledge, none of the report demonstrates the co‐pyrolysis of AM and AS and no one reported the usage of COPRAS and GRA methods in engine characteristics optimization.…”