Optimization of PEG coated nanoscale gold particles for enhanced radiation therapy

Cruje, Charmainne; Yang, Celina; Uertz, Jamie; Prooijen, Monique van; Chithrani, Devika B.

doi:10.1039/c5ra19104a

Cited by 31 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The nanoparticles appear bright as a consequence of their high scattering cross section, thus allowing the optical detection of small nanoparticles clusters or even individual ones. It has been recently shown that gold nanoparticles have unique reflectance spectra presenting well-defined peaks located between 550 and 650 nm [18]. By examining the reflectance spectra acquired on the most dominant three classes of nanoparticles detected in the field of view (green, red, and orange), one can observe that each of these spectra presents a well-defined peak located between 550 and 650 nm ( Figure 5(b)).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles with Interesting Plasmonic Properties Synthesized Using an Original, Rapid, and Easy-to-Implement Procedure

Nitica

Moldovan

Toma

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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In this letter, we report a new, one-step, rapid, and easy-to-implement method for the synthesis of PEGylated gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) having a narrow size distribution and very interesting plasmonic properties. Unmodified polyethylene glycol molecules with a molecular weight of 1000 g/mole (PEG1000) have been employed as reducing and capping agents for the synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles having an average diameter of 35 nm, within a few minutes. The novelty of the herein proposed synthesis method consists in the fact that the synthesis takes place inside of a sealed bottle flask containing aqueous solutions of PEG1000, tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4), and NaOH, placed in the center of a microwave oven, capable to provide a very uniform temperature environment. It turned out that, during the very short synthesis procedure (2 minutes), PEG 1000 suffers an oxidative transformation in such a manner that its terminal alcohol groups (-CH2-OH) are transformed in carboxylate ones (-COO−). The as-synthesized PEG-AuNPs possess very interesting plasmonic properties allowing the detection of different molecules by means of SER spectroscopy performed either in liquid droplets or on solid spots. As a consequence of their unique plasmonic properties, the SER spectra acquired using this new class of nanoparticles on different molecules of interest (methylene blue, rhodamine 6G, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil) are highly reproducible, making them ideal candidates for further use as SERS substrates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles with Interesting Plasmonic Properties Synthesized Using an Original, Rapid, and Easy-to-Implement Procedure

Nitica

Moldovan

Toma

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…For example, the gold (Z = 79) has much stronger photoelectric effect than that of soft tissues (average Z = 7.4). [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Au loaded polymeric nanocapsules [40][41][42][43] Au nanomolecules [40,44,45] Active targeting Au nanoparticles [44,[46][47][48][49][50] Rare earth element Gadolinium oxide; Gd doped carbon dots; Gd doped calcium phosphate [51][52][53][54] Upconversion nanoparticles (e.g. Such electron rearrangement in atom orbits would generate excess energy that released either as fluorescent photons or Auger electrons, the latter of which traveling through much shorter distances (typically ≈10 nm) are able to produce high ionization effects in local areas.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Radio-sensitization With High-z Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Summary of nanomaterials for enhancing EBRT. Element Materials References Gold Au nanoparticles/nanorods/nanoshells [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Au loaded polymeric nanocapsules [40][41][42][43] Au nanomolecules [40,44,45] Active targeting Au nanoparticles [44,[46][47][48][49][50] Rare earth element Gadolinium oxide; Gd doped carbon dots; Gd doped calcium phosphate [51][52][53][54] Upconversion nanoparticles (e.g.NaYbF 4 [82][83][84] Pt nanoparticles [85,86] Ag nanoparticles; Fe 3 O 4/ Ag nanocomposite [87][88][89][90][91] Non high-Z elements Iron oxide nanoparticles [92][93][94] TiO 2 nanoparticles/nanotubes [95,96] Si nanoparticles [97,98] www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com (1.9 nm) -loaded polymeric micelles that exhibited longer blood circulation and 6-fold increase in tumor uptake, compared to that of ultrasmall Au nanoparticles...…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201700996mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials for Cancer Radiation Therapy

et al. 2017

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Radiation therapy (RT) including external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and internal radioisotope therapy (RIT) has been widely used for clinical cancer treatment. However, owing to the low radiation absorption of tumors, high doses of ionizing radiations are often needed during RT, leading to severe damages to normal tissues adjacent to tumors. Meanwhile, the RT efficacies are limited by different mechanisms, among which the tumor hypoxia-associated radiation resistance is a well-known one, as there exists hypoxia inside most solid tumors while oxygen is essential to enhance radiation-induced DNA damages. With the development in nanotechnology, there have been great interests in using nanomedicine strategies to enhance radiation responses of tumors. Nanomaterials containing high-Z elements to absorb radiation rays (e.g. X-ray) can act as radio-sensitizers to deposit radiation energy within tumors and promote treatment efficacy. Nanoscale carriers are able to deliver therapeutic radioisotopes into tumors for internal RIT, or chemotherapeutic drugs for synergistically combined chemo-radiotherapy. As uncovered in recent studies, the tumor microenvironment could be modulated by various nanomedicine approaches to overcome hypoxia-associated radiation resistance. Herein, the authors will summarize the applications of nanomedicine for RT cancer treatment, and pay particular attention to the latest development of 'advanced materials' for enhanced cancer RT.

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“…Although most studies suggest that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is damaged indirectly by hydroxyl radicals, electrons can also cause damage to DNA directly (Boudaıffa et al 2000). Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the incorporation of GNPs into current radiotherapy protocols produces better outcomes at clinically relevant megavoltage energies (Cruje et al 2015;Wolfe et al 2015). Intravenously injected NPs can accumulate within the tumor using its leaky vasculature, penetrate through the tumor tissue and finally enter the individual tumor cells (Abolfazli et al 2015;Yang et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a lipid nanoparticle system as a Trojan horse in delivery of gold nanoparticles to human breast cancer cells for improved outcomes in radiation therapy

et al. 2019

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Background: Radiotherapy is commonly used for treating cancer. Novel sensitizers, such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs), are being used to enhance the local radiation dose. It is not known how the uptake and radiation dose enhancement of GNPs vary in synchronized vs unsynchronized (control) tumor cell populations. Successful application of GNPs in radiation therapy requires NPs to be accumulated within individual tumor cells at clinically feasible NP concentrations. Use of small GNPs as a radiation dose enhancer in the past required very high NP concentration, since the driving force for the uptake of smaller GNPs is low. We used a novel lipid-based NP of 50 nm diameter system as a Trojan horse to deliver smaller GNPs of size 5 nm (LNP-GNP) at 0.2 nM concentration. We investigated the changes in GNP uptake and survival fraction with the LNP delivery at different cell stages using human breast cancer as our tumor model and choosing the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. Results: Using the LNP-GNP system resulted in a 39-and 73-fold enhancement in uptake of 5 nm GNPs in unsynchronized and synchronized tumor cell populations, respectively. The NP uptake per cell increased from 800 to 1200 and from 30,841 to 88,477 for individual 5 nm GNPs and 5 nm GNPs incorporated in LNPs, respectively. After a radiation dose of 2 Gy with 6 MeV photons, synchronized tumor cell populations incorporated with LNP-GNPs produced a 27% enhancement in tumor cell death compared to the control (unsynchronized; no GNPs; 2 Gy). The findings of our experimental results were supported by modeling predictions based on Monte Carlo calculations. Conclusions: This study clearly shows that the cell cycle, GNPs, and radiation therapy can be combined to improve outcome of cancer therapy. Using the experimental data, we estimated the predicted improvement for a clinical treatment plan where 30 fractions of 2 Gy radiation dose were given over a period of time. Enhanced uptake and radiation sensitivity of a synchronous tumor cell population would produce a significant improvement in cell killing. For example, synchronizing cells and the addition of LNP-GNPs into tumor cells produced a 1000-fold enhancement in cell killing. Because the agents used for cell synchronization are in clinical practice, this approach may be a

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Optimization of PEG coated nanoscale gold particles for enhanced radiation therapy

Abstract: To enhance PEG uptake for radiation therapy, a peptide containing an integrin binding domain (RGD) was conjugated to PEG. Nanoparticles functionalized with both the RGD peptide and PEG had a higher uptake than NPs functionalized with PEG alone.

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles with Interesting Plasmonic Properties Synthesized Using an Original, Rapid, and Easy-to-Implement Procedure

PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles with Interesting Plasmonic Properties Synthesized Using an Original, Rapid, and Easy-to-Implement Procedure

Emerging Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials for Cancer Radiation Therapy

Use of a lipid nanoparticle system as a Trojan horse in delivery of gold nanoparticles to human breast cancer cells for improved outcomes in radiation therapy

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