Optimization of Palm-Based Wax Esters Production Using Statistical Experimental Designs

Sin, Keng Pei; Basri, Mahiran; Rahman, Mohd. Basyaruddin Abd.; Salleh, Abu Bakar; Rahman, Raja Noor Zaliha Abd.; Ariff, Arbakariya

doi:10.5650/jos.54.519

Cited by 30 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Rhizopus oryzae lipase immobilized on CaCO 3 used in this work shows an interesting behavior by providing a high esterification yield (98.52%) within 2 h of reaction time. A comparable synthesis yield (92.3%) was obtained by Keng et al [29], but within a longer reaction time (5 h) when using palm oil and oleyl alcohol as substrates and Lipozyme as biocatalyst. Nevertheless, much lower synthesis yields were reported by Gunawan et al [8] (84.6% within 7.38 h) when esterifying oleyl alcohol and palm oil by Lipozyme, used as biocatalyst.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Immobilized Rhizopus oryzaelipase catalyzed synthesis of palm stearin and cetyl alcohol wax esters: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2011

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BackgroundWaxes are esters of long-chain fatty acids and long-chain alcohols. Their principal natural sources are animals (sperm whale oil) and vegetables (jojoba) which are expensive and not easily available. Wax esters synthesized by enzymatic transesterification, using palm stearin as raw material, can be considered as an alternative to natural ones.ResultsPalm stearin is a solid fraction obtained by fractionation of palm oil. Palm stearin was esterified with cetyl alcohol to produce a mixture of wax esters. A non-commercial immobilized lipase from Rhizopus oryzae was used as biocatalyst. Response surface methodology was employed to determine the effects of the temperature (30-50°C), the enzyme concentration (33.34-300 IU/mL), the alcohol/palm stearin molar ratio (3-7 mol/mol) and the substrate concentration (0.06-0.34 g/mL) on the conversion yield of palm stearin. Under optimal conditions (temperature, 30°C; enzyme concentration, 300 IU/mL; molar ratio 3 and substrate concentration 0.21 g/mL) a high conversion yield of 98.52% was reached within a reaction time of 2 h.ConclusionsResponse surface methodology was successfully applied to determine the optimum operational conditions for synthesis of palm stearin based wax esters. This study may provide useful tools to develop economical and efficient processes for the synthesis of wax esters.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Immobilized Rhizopus oryzaelipase catalyzed synthesis of palm stearin and cetyl alcohol wax esters: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2011

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“…RSM has been reported to be successfully applied in various research areas, and mostly in the area of enzymatic synthesis. The works that have been carried out using RSM were the enzymatic synthesis of wax esters [7][8]; [9] and the enzymatic synthesis of dilauryl adipate ester [10]. Pey et al [11] carried out a study using RSM in order to identify the influence of different variables and to evaluate simultaneous effects of more significant variables on droplet size of nanoemulsions that have been prepared by the step-wise addition of one component to the others at a constant temperature.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Amide in Organic Solvent by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

et al. 2019

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Optimization of the lipase catalyzed enzymatic synthesis of betulinic acid amide in the presence of immobilized lipase, Novozym 435 from Candida antartica as a biocatalyst was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 5-level-4-factor central-composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to evaluate the effects of the synthesis parameters, such as reaction time (20–36 h), reaction temperature (37–45 °C), substrate molar ratio of betulinic acid to butylamine (1:1–1:3), and enzyme amounts (80–120 mg) on the percentage yield of betulinic acid amide by direct amidation reaction. The optimum conditions for synthesis were: reaction time of 28 h 33 min, reaction temperature of 42.92 °C, substrate molar ratio of 1:2.21, and enzyme amount of 97.77 mg. The percentage yield of actual experimental values obtained 65.09% which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 67.23%. The obtained amide was characterized by GC, GCMS and 13C NMR. Betulinic acid amide (BAA) showed a better cytotoxicity compared to betulinic acid as the concentration inhibited 50% of the cell growth (IC50) against MDA-MB-231 cell line (IC50 < 30 µg/mL).

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Lipase‐catalyzed dimethyl adipate synthesis: Response surface modeling and kinetics

Chaibakhsh¹,

Rahman²,

Basri³

et al. 2010

Biotechnology Journal

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Dimethyl adipate (DMA) was synthesized by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B-catalyzed esterification of adipic acid and methanol. To optimize the reaction conditions of ester production, response surface methodology was applied, and the effects of four factors namely, time, temperature, enzyme concentration, and molar ratio of substrates on product synthesis were determined. A statistical model predicted that the maximum conversion yield would be 97.6%, at the optimal conditions of 58.5 degrees C, 54.0 mg enzyme, 358.0 min, and 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to adipic acid. The R(2) (0.9769) shows a high correlation between predicted and experimental values. The kinetics of the reaction was also investigated in this study. The reaction was found to obey the ping-pong bi-bi mechanism with methanol inhibition. The kinetic parameters were determined and used to simulate the experimental results. A good quality of fit was observed between the simulated and experimental initial rates.

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Optimization of Palm-Based Wax Esters Production Using Statistical Experimental Designs

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Immobilized Rhizopus oryzaelipase catalyzed synthesis of palm stearin and cetyl alcohol wax esters: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Immobilized Rhizopus oryzaelipase catalyzed synthesis of palm stearin and cetyl alcohol wax esters: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Amide in Organic Solvent by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Lipase‐catalyzed dimethyl adipate synthesis: Response surface modeling and kinetics

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