Optimization of operating parameters of novel composite adsorbent for organic pollutants removal from POME using response surface methodology

Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize COD and ammoniacal nitrogen removal from leachate using moringa and zeolite mixtures

“…The results also found that one of the examined factors (time) have a positive significant linear effect on the reduction of COD (see equation 3), while dosage and pH have a negative significant effect which means that the increasing of dosage and pH affects or reduces the efficiency of the adsorption process. In contrast, for NH3-N, two factors (dosage and pH) have a positive significant effect on the removal and contact time exhibits negative effect, indicating as the contact time increases (see equation 4), adsorption decreases depending on the behaviour of the adsorbent to adsorbate interaction [6,20,21].…”

“…Such processes are considered to contribute to high initial and operational cost, generation of waste residue, and less adaptability to a wide variety of pollutants, among others. Selecting and designing a suitable leachate treatment system are difficult because of the dissimilarity in the amount and characteristics of leachate produced from landfill to landfill, especially as the landfills age [4][5][6]. Inconsistencies between landfill leachates are due to their hydrogeological conditions, locations, and environmental contributors.…”

“…The conventional linear optimization involves changing a parameter and fixing other variant parameters constant which is more commonly referred as one-factor-at-a-time. The methodology of RSM it assesses several variables by operating the regression statistical analysis on the independent variables to establish the most desirable overall factor surface [12][13][14]. Through the representation of the surface model, responses on the basis of the combined factors can be determined [14][15][16].…”

Utilization of Empty Fruit Bunch Fibre as Potential Adsorbent for Ammonia Nitrogen Removal in Natural Rubber Wastewater

“…Meanwhile, by increasing the shaking speed, there is a further raised in the adsorption due to the binding sites are free for further adsorption. With shaking, the external mass transfer coefficient raises causing the faster adsorption of the ammonia nitrogen [8]. Moreover, at very high speed, centrifugal forces operate, resulting in desorption of the adsorbate [21].…”

“…Adsorption processes using activated carbons are widely used to remove pollutants from wastewaters but the high cost of activated carbon makes its use limited [7][8][9][10]. This encourages researchers to find a low-cost adsorbed materials, One of them is empty palm oil bunches or EFB.…”