Optimization of muscle activation schemes in a finite element neck model simulating volunteer frontal impact scenarios

Correia, Matheus A.; McLachlin, Stewart D.; Cronin, Duane S.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109754

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…At the full neck level, the model was validated ( Barker and Cronin, 2021 ) in rear impacts using cadaveric full neck experimental data and in frontal and lateral impacts using human volunteer data. The active muscle activation scheme of the M50 26YO and F05 26YO was developed previously using volunteer data ( Correia et al, 2020 ). The open-loop co-contraction muscle activation scheme ( Correia et al, 2020 ) was designed to contract the neck muscles while maintaining the head in a neutral posture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The active muscle activation scheme of the M50 26YO and F05 26YO was developed previously using volunteer data ( Correia et al, 2020 ). The open-loop co-contraction muscle activation scheme ( Correia et al, 2020 ) was designed to contract the neck muscles while maintaining the head in a neutral posture. The GHBMC neck model was objectively compared to the experimental data using the cross-correlation and corridor method ( Correia et al, 2020 ; Barker and Cronin, 2021 ) with good cross-correlation ratings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The open-loop co-contraction muscle activation scheme ( Correia et al, 2020 ) was designed to contract the neck muscles while maintaining the head in a neutral posture. The GHBMC neck model was objectively compared to the experimental data using the cross-correlation and corridor method ( Correia et al, 2020 ; Barker and Cronin, 2021 ) with good cross-correlation ratings. The GHBMC M50 26YO and F05 26YO models include equivalent-plastic-strain-based element erosion criteria to model cortical and trabecular bone fracture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex, Age and Stature Affects Neck Biomechanical Responses in Frontal and Rear Impacts Assessed Using Finite Element Head and Neck Models

Corrales

Cronin

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The increased incidence of injury demonstrated in epidemiological data for the elderly population, and females compared to males, has not been fully understood in the context of the biomechanical response to impact. A contributing factor to these differences in injury risk could be the variation in geometry between young and aged persons and between males and females. In this study, a new methodology, coupling a CAD and a repositioning software, was developed to reposture an existing Finite element neck while retaining a high level of mesh quality. A 5th percentile female aged neck model (F0575YO) and a 50th percentile male aged neck model (M5075YO) were developed from existing young (F0526YO and M5026YO) neck models (Global Human Body Models Consortium v5.1). The aged neck models included an increased cervical lordosis and an increase in the facet joint angles, as reported in the literature. The young and the aged models were simulated in frontal (2, 8, and 15 g) and rear (3, 7, and 10 g) impacts. The responses were compared using head and relative facet joint kinematics, and nominal intervertebral disc shear strain. In general, the aged models predicted higher tissue deformations, although the head kinematics were similar for all models. In the frontal impact, only the M5075YO model predicted hard tissue failure, attributed to the combined effect of the more anteriorly located head with age, when compared to the M5026YO, and greater neck length relative to the female models. In the rear impacts, the F0575YO model predicted higher relative facet joint shear compared to the F0526YO, and higher relative facet joint rotation and nominal intervertebral disc strain compared to the M5075YO. When comparing the male models, the relative facet joint kinematics predicted by the M5026YO and M5075YO were similar. The contrast in response between the male and female models in the rear impacts was attributed to the higher lordosis and facet angle in females compared to males. Epidemiological data reported that females were more likely to sustain Whiplash Associated Disorders in rear impacts compared to males, and that injury risk increases with age, in agreement with the findings in the present study. This study demonstrated that, although the increased lordosis and facet angle did not affect the head kinematics, changes at the tissue level were considerable (e.g., 26% higher relative facet shear in the female neck compared to the male, for rear impact) and relatable to the epidemiology. Future work will investigate tissue damage and failure through the incorporation of aged material properties and muscle activation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex, Age and Stature Affects Neck Biomechanical Responses in Frontal and Rear Impacts Assessed Using Finite Element Head and Neck Models

Corrales

Cronin

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…They are primarily categorized into finite element (FE) models and multibody dynamics (MB) models. Taking the FE models as examples, the SAFER A-HBM developed in the previous studies modeled the human's reflexes mechanism for controlling cervical spine muscle activation [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The THUMS Version 5 included Proportion-Integral-Derivative (PID) based active muscle controllers for all body regions [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Neuromuscular Head-Neck Model and Its Application on Impact Analysis

Zheng

2021

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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Objective: Neck muscle activation plays an important role in maintaining posture and preventing trauma injuries of the head-neck system, levels of which are primarily controlled by the neural system. Thus, the present study aims to establish and validate a neuromuscular headneck model as well as to investigate the effects of realistic neural reflex control on head-neck behaviors during impact loading. Methods: The neuromuscular head-neck model was first established based on a musculoskeletal model by including neural reflex control of the vestibular system and proprioceptors. Then, a series of human posture control experiments was implemented and used to validate the model concerning both joint kinematics of the cervical spine and neck muscle activations. Finally, frontal impact experiments of varying loading severities were simulated with the newly established model and compared with an original model to investigate the influences of the implanted neural reflex controllers on head-neck kinematic responses. Results: The simulation results using the present neuromuscular model showed good correlations with in-vivo experimental data while the original model even cannot reach a correct balance status. Furthermore, the vestibular reflex is noted to dominate the muscle activation in less severe impact loadings while both vestibular and proprioceptive controllers have a lot of effect in higher impact loading severity cases. Conclusions: In summary, a novel neuromuscular head-model was established and its application demonstrated the significance of the neural reflex control in predicting in vivo head-neck responses and preventing related injury risk due to impact loading.

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“…Anthropometric test devices (ATDs), commonly used in occupant safety testing, have the inherent drawback of a passive-only response and are designed for medium- to high-severity impacts. Unlike physical testing with ATDs, human-body models for numerical simulations offer the possibility of incorporating an active response in a variety of dynamic conditions [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Effects of Awareness on Neck-Muscle Loading in Frontal Impacts with EMG and MC Sensors

Kraśna

Đorđević

2020

Sensors

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Critical traffic situations, such as vehicle collisions and emergency manoeuvres, can cause an occupant to respond with reflex and voluntary actions. These affect the occupant’s position and dynamic loading during interactions with the vehicle’s restraints, possibly compromising their protective function. Electromyography (EMG) is a commonly used method for measuring active muscle response and can also provide input parameters for computer simulations with models of the human body. The recently introduced muscle-contraction (MC) sensor is a wearable device with a piezo-resistive element for measuring the force of an indenting tip pressing against the surface of the body. The study aimed to compare how data collected simultaneously with EMG, video motion capture, and the novel MC sensor are related to neck-muscle loading. Sled tests with low-severity frontal impacts were conducted, assuming two different awareness conditions for seated volunteers. The activity of the upper trapezius muscle was measured using surface EMG and MC sensors. The neck-muscle load F was estimated from an inverse dynamics analysis of the head’s motion captured in the sagittal plane. The volunteers’ response to impact was predominantly reflexive, with significantly shorter onset latencies and more bracing observed when the volunteers were aware of the impact. Cross-correlations between the EMG and MC, EMG and F, and F and MC data were not changed significantly by the awareness conditions. The MC signal was strongly correlated (r = 0.89) with the neck-muscle loading F in the aware and unaware conditions, while the mean ΔF-MC delays were 21.0 ± 15.1 ms and 14.6 ± 12.4 ms, respectively. With the MC sensor enabling a consistent measurement-based estimation of the muscle loading, the simultaneous acquisition of EMG and MC signals improves the assessment of the reflex and voluntary responses of a vehicle’s occupant subjected to low-severity loading.

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Optimization of muscle activation schemes in a finite element neck model simulating volunteer frontal impact scenarios

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Sex, Age and Stature Affects Neck Biomechanical Responses in Frontal and Rear Impacts Assessed Using Finite Element Head and Neck Models

Sex, Age and Stature Affects Neck Biomechanical Responses in Frontal and Rear Impacts Assessed Using Finite Element Head and Neck Models

A Novel Neuromuscular Head-Neck Model and Its Application on Impact Analysis

Estimating the Effects of Awareness on Neck-Muscle Loading in Frontal Impacts with EMG and MC Sensors

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