“…Genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing (SA), and Topology methods have been widely used as optimizing tools for sound absorption and transmission loss (Bolton, Shiau, & Kang, 1996;Chang, Yeh, Chiu, & Lai, 2005;Dühring, Jensen, & Sigmund, 2008;Krynkin & Tyutekin, 2002;Lee, Kim, Kim, Kim, & Kang, 2007;Meng, Wen, Zhao, & Wen, 2012;Ruiz, Cobo, & Jacobsen, 2011;Thamburaj & Sun, 2002;Tyutekin, 1998;Yoon, 2013;. The goal of maximizing the absorption property of single-layer sound absorbers using GA and SA methods was previously addressed by and .…”