Optimization of Microwave Reductive Roasting Process of Bauxite Residue

Cardenia, Chiara; Balomenos, Efthymios; Panias, Dimitrios

doi:10.3390/met10081083

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The numerical model integrated the estimated electromagnetic power density over the entire specimen domain to determine the microwave power absorbed. Similar studies were reported in References 61, 65–67. As explained earlier, the material's dielectric properties control how much microwave power is absorbed 67 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Microwave heating of graphene nanoplatelet polymer composites: Experimental and finite element study

Dua

Zhang²,

Mertiny

2023

Polymer Composites

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Compared with contemporary electrofusion techniques that use embedded wires for Joule heating, microwave heating may facilitate the joining of thermoplastic polymer components, promising shortened fusion periods, superior heating uniformity, and reduced energy consumption. This study investigates the fabrication of multifunctional polylactide acid (PLA) composites with strong microwave absorption using graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). GNP/PLA nanocomposites were fabricated using a two‐step scalable manufacturing method, that is, solution blending and hot compression molding. The GNP content of the composites ranged from 0% to 8% by weight. The samples were characterized for dielectric permittivity, heat capacity, and electrical and thermal conductivity. Thermal imaging was used to investigate the efficacy of microwave heating in GNP/PLA nanocomposites as a function of microwave power and filler weight fractions. The microwave heating process in GNP composites was studied using multi‐physics finite element software. The experimental results were compared to numerical model predictions for maximum temperature and microwave energy absorbed. The produced nanocomposites were discovered to have strong microwave absorption characteristics and hence rapid heating, making this type of composite a prospective choice for gasket materials that facilitate fusion bonding for thermoplastic‐based components via localized heating.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Microwave heating of graphene nanoplatelet polymer composites: Experimental and finite element study

Dua

Zhang²,

Mertiny

2023

Polymer Composites

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“…Simultaneously, extraction technology is more effective in leaching such as chemical technology for the separation of various minerals. The leaching of red mud or sintered red mud is very effective in various sectors for the adsorbents and catalyst categories [ 78 , 79 , 80 ]. The red mud–fly ash mixtures could be considered as a sustainable acid mine drainage management system.…”

Section: Fields Of Application Of Red Mudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review

Samal

2021

Materials

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An overview is presented on the prospective use of red mud as a resource in this review. Various scopes are suggested for the utilization of red mud to maintain a sustainable environment. The potential use of red mud covers the valuable metal recovery that could emphasize the use of red mud as a resource. Red mud could act as reduced slag in the metallurgical field for the extraction of minerals and metals for upscale application. Although many studies have revealed the potential utilization of red mud, most of them are only limited to a lab-scale basis. Therefore, a large-scale investigation on recycling of red mud for the extraction in the area of the metal recovery section will draw attention to the extensive use of red mud. Metal ions of major elements Fe (44 wt.%), Al (18.2 wt.%), Si (14.3 wt.%), Ti (9.3 wt.%), Na (6.2 wt.%), Ca (4.4 wt.%) as major elements and of Mg, V, Mn, Cr, K as minor elements and rare earth elements such as Ce (102 mg/kg), La (56 mg/kg), Sc (47 mg/kg), Nd (45 mg/kg), Sm (9 mg/kg). Moreover, an appropriate in-house metal recovery facility with the alumina industry will come out as a cost–benefit analysis.

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“…The composition of bauxite residue varies depending on the source of the bauxite ore and the specific processing methods employed. Generally, bauxite residue consists of several major components, with the most significant ones being metallic oxides and hydroxides like iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, and sodium [4]. These compounds, in particular, play a crucial role in determining the properties and potential environmental impacts of the bauxite residue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Titanium is one of the most significant impurities found in bauxite residue, although its presence can vary depending on the source of the bauxite ore and the processing methods used. Titanium is commonly present in bauxite residue in the form of titanium oxides, such as rutile and anatase (TiO 2 ), cancrinite (CaTiO 3 ), and ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) [4]. For the recovery of Ti from BR, numerous studies have been carried out, primarily by looking at hydrometallurgical processes [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of Aluminothermic Processes for Ferrotitanium Alloy Production from Bauxite Residue and Ilmenite

Sparis,

Lazou,

Balomenos

et al. 2024

Metals

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Titanium oxide is a major component of bauxite residue (BR) with a high value, but it is often an unwanted element in common BR reuse options such as cement or iron production. Conventional carbothermic reduction smelting of BR produces a slag still containing a large amount of Ti. This study investigates an aluminothermic process for producing an FeTi alloy by combining BR, ilmenite ore, and fluxes. Based on thermodynamic calculations and batch experiments, the amounts of aluminum (reductant) and fluxes were investigated to achieve the optimum alloy production in parallel with a slag that could be further valorized in the cement industry. The mineralogical and chemical analysis of the metallic and slag phase agreed with the thermodynamic calculations. The results obtained by this study can lead to the development of a new process for the complete valorization of BR, paving the way for scaling up aluminothermic processes for producing ferroalloys from all iron-rich residues.

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Optimization of Microwave Reductive Roasting Process of Bauxite Residue

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Microwave heating of graphene nanoplatelet polymer composites: Experimental and finite element study

Microwave heating of graphene nanoplatelet polymer composites: Experimental and finite element study

Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review

Thermodynamics of Aluminothermic Processes for Ferrotitanium Alloy Production from Bauxite Residue and Ilmenite

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