Optimization of microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticle byCitrus paradisipeel and its application against pathogenic water strain

Abstract

This study focuses on time-dependent microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous peel extracts of Citrus paradisi as a reducing, stabilizing and capping agent with emphasis on its antibacterial property. Optical, structural and morphological properties of the synthesized Citrus paradisi peel extract silver nanoparticle (CPAgNp) were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Xray diffractometer (XRD). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the well-and discdiffusion methods. Characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelength in the range of 420-440 nm at an optimized intensity growth rate typical of silver nanoparticles was obtained. The synthesized CPAgNp are spherical in shape having the size range of 14.84 ± 5 nm and possessing fcc unit phase structure. The Citrus paradisi peel extract mediated AgNp were found to possess a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against water-borne pathogenic microbes.

Plant Extract Induced Biogenic Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Potential as Catalyst for Degradation of Toxic Dyes

“…Peaks of different functional groups appeared at almost the same position in the case of both plant extract and CAg-nPs particles. Peak appeared in the range of 2900 to 3400 cm −1 was due to stretching vibrations of O-H and NH 2 groups present in plant extracts in the form of alcohols, amides, amines, esters, ethers and carboxylic acids [25]. Broadened peaks that appeared in the case of CAg-nPs particles as compared to plant extracts, relevant to stretching vibrations of these groups, are an indication of the involvement of these groups in the stabilization of fabricated silver nPs.…”

“…Bands appearing at 694.23 cm −1 in both plant extracts and CAg-nPs particles are an indication of the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons [39]. A peak seen at 1517.71 cm −1 is a characteristic signal of aromatic C=C bonds [25]. Peaks appearing at 1199.27 cm −1 are an indication of C-O stretching vibrations [17,40].…”

“…Citrus fruit peel has polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, ascorbic acid etc. These phytochemical components have bioactive properties like antiproliferation, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antiviral activities [25]. Due to these functional groups, citrus peel extract also acts as a capping agent.…”

“…Many research papers used the Citrus paradisi peel extract for preparation of different metal nPs like Fe 3 O 4 [26,27], ZnO [28] and Ag-nPs [21,25,[28][29][30]. It acts as a reducing as well as a capping agent during preparation of Ag-nPs.…”

“…Fabricated CAg-nPs find applications in synthesis of durable cotton and silk fabric due to their antibacterial and antimicrobial activity and essential oil effect due to the use of citrus plant extracts [31]. These nanoparticles also find use as potential bio-pesticides to control different types of pathogens in aqueous medium [25,32]. However, no one used these metal nanoparticles as catalysts for degradation of toxic dyes.…”