Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAP) for Ginseng Components by Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to predict optimum conditions for microwave-assisted extraction-a MAP technology-of saponin components from ginseng roots. A central composite design was used to monitor the effect of ethanol concentration (30-90%, X(1)) and extraction time (30-270 s, X(2)) on dependent variables, such as total extract yield (Y(1)), crude saponin content (Y(2)), and saponin ratio (Y(3)), under atmospheric pressure conditions when focused microwaves were applied at an emission frequency of 2450 MHz. In MAP under pre-established conditions, correlation coefficients (R (2)) of the models for total extract yield and crude saponin were 0.9841 (p < 0.001) and 0.9704 (p < 0.01). Optimum extraction conditions were predicted for each variable as 52.6% ethanol and 224.7 s in extract yield and as 77.3% ethanol and 295.1 s in crude saponins, respectively. Estimated maximum values at predicted optimum conditions were in good agreement with experimental values.

Application of Response Surface Methodology to Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Lysergol from Ipomoea Genus and Its Characterization by RP HPLC-UV

“…It is seen that during the initial extraction period (lower times) and at higher time periods, the lysergol yield does not change with an increase in time. These results were concordant with the reports that extraction time had no significant effect on the total ethanol extraction yield of ginseng compoenents when using MAE [11]. Whereas, the lysergol yield decreased at low and high temperatures points and increased yield was observed at middle point.…”

Otimização das condições de extração de saponinas em Ampelozizyphus amazonicus usando planejamento experimental e metodologia de superfície de resposta

“…Alguns estudos mostram que condições ótimas de extração de saponinas podem ser realizadas com até 77% de solução etanólica, porém temse que levar em consideração que estes dados são de outras espécies vegetais e, mais ainda, analisados em outras condições. 20 O teor e a quantidade de determinado tipo de saponina variam no decorrer do Tabela 2. Variáveis e níveis utilizados (valores codificados entre parênteses) para planejamento experimental do tipo estrela e as respostas obtidas para a extração das saponinas Para o caso do extrato seco, realizando-se os mesmos estudos apresentados até aqui, o modelo construído também foi adequado, com um valor de R 2 de 99,53%, sendo a extração máxima explicável de 99,81%.…”

Determination of capsaicinoids in peppers by microwave-assisted extraction–high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

“…This technique consists in applying the energy provided by microwave radiation to accelerate the process of extraction of the analytes in particular matrices. The application employing microwaves that currently is most widely utilised is the extraction of soluble materials from different matrices, generally employing organic solvents [17,18].…”