Optimization of microwave-assisted etherification of glycerol to polyglycerols by sodium carbonate as catalyst

Bookong, Pornpimol; Ruchirawat, Somsak; Boonyarattanakalin, Siwarutt

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.04.033

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the optimization reaction (temperature of 270 • C, catalyst concentration of 3 wt%, and reaction time of 1.0 h) of etherification of glycerol to PG without solvent using Na 2 CO 3 as catalyst and microwaves as a source of heat yield 93%, 70%, and 7% diglycerol, triglycerol and tetraglycerol respectively [202]. The values obtained correlated with the predicted values of 84%, 63%, and 9%.…”

Section: Polyglycerol (Oligomers)supporting

confidence: 52%

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

et al. 2018

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The depletion of fossil fuels has heightened research and utilization of renewable energy such as biodiesel. However, this has thrown up another challenge of significant increase in its byproduct, glycerol. In view of the characteristics and potentials of glycerol, efforts are on the increase to convert it to higher-value products, which will in turn improve the overall economics of biodiesel production. These high-value products include biofuels, oxygenated fuel additives, polymer precursors and other industrial bio-based chemicals. This review gives up-to-date research findings in the conversion of glycerol to the above high-value products, with a special focus on the performance of the catalysts used and their challenges. The specific products reviewed in this paper include hydrogen, ethanol, methanol, acetin, glycerol ethers, solketal, acetal, acrolein, glycerol carbonate, 1,3-propanediol, polyglycerol and olefins.

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Section: Polyglycerol (Oligomers)supporting

confidence: 52%

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

et al. 2018

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“…In this study, the possible formation of higher cyclic oligomers that takes place at longer reaction time was minimized as reaction time up to 4 h only. Furthermore, the longer reaction time was susceptible to acrolein by-product generation due to double dehydration [37]. After the optimum reaction condition was confirmed at 20 wt.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Timementioning

confidence: 97%

Short-Chain Polyglycerol Production via Microwave-Assisted Solventless Glycerol Polymerization Process Over Lioh-Modified Aluminium Pillared Clay Catalyst: Parametric Study

et al. 2020

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In the current study, microwave-assisted glycerol polymerization for short-chain polyglycerol production was conducted unprecedentedly over low-cost catalyst, lithium-modified aluminium pillared clay (Li/AlPC) catalysts without the solvent. The influences of disparate reaction parameters such as the effects of Li loadings (10, 20, 30 wt.%), catalyst loadings (2, 3, 4 wt.%), operating temperatures (200, 220, 240 °C) and operating times (1–4 h) on the glycerol conversions, and polyglycerol yield (particularly for diglycerol and triglycerol), were elucidated. The fresh catalysts were subjected to physicochemical properties evaluation via characterization techniques, viz. N2 physisorption, XRD, SEM, NH3-TPD and CO2-TPD. In comparison, 20 wt.% Li/AlPC demonstrated the best performance under non-conventional heating, credited to its outstanding textural properties (an increase of basal spacing to 21 Ȧ, high surface area of 95.48 m2/g, total basicity of 34.48 mmol/g and average pore diameter of 19.21 nm). Within the studied ranges, the highest glycerol conversion (98.85%) and polyglycerol yield (90.46%) were achieved when catalyst loading of 3 wt.%, reaction temperature of 220 °C and reaction time of 3 h were adopted. The results obtained also anticipated the higher energy efficiency of microwave-assisted polymerization than conventional technique (>8 h), as the reaction time for the former technology was shorter to attain the highest product yield. The study performed could potentially conduce the wise utilization of surplus glycerol generated from the biodiesel industry.

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“…Corma et al [1] reviewed possible reaction routes for the utilization of glycerol as a starting material for various more valuable compounds. Some of the routes are etherification of glycerol to diglycerol and polyglycerols [1][2][3][4][5], oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone, dehydration of glycerol to acrolein [6,7], and preparation of glycerol carbonate (GC) [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO/SiO2 Composite as Catalyst for the Transformation of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate

2020

Makara J.Sci

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Optimization of microwave-assisted etherification of glycerol to polyglycerols by sodium carbonate as catalyst

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

Short-Chain Polyglycerol Production via Microwave-Assisted Solventless Glycerol Polymerization Process Over Lioh-Modified Aluminium Pillared Clay Catalyst: Parametric Study

ZnO/SiO2 Composite as Catalyst for the Transformation of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate

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